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how many calories does an 18 year old female, at 5'4 and 110 pounds burn daily? Like daily on average?. If you DONT know that, what is the average a person burns per day? Oh, and with out excersize. Just like, including daily activities, such as driving, walking(lets say about 1 mile in total, like with shopping and stuff) And things like that??

Why is backpain such an epidemic in America? It seems almost every American has daily backpain, including me and I'm only 16 years old. What is it about the back that everyone has problems with, and not any other body part?

Why do Chris Matthews and Keith Olberman continue to go after Sarah Palin with such zeal? The election is long over; yet they continue to spend big segments of their shows devoted to attacking everything she says, said etc. I though once the tingle left their legs, they would become more human and go back to routine political news. And then there is CM latest comment on Morning Joe that he sees his most pressing "job as a journalist" to support Obama and everything he stands for. Does that include ongoing daily attacks on the Governor of Alaska.

Any websites or information regarding Ancient Pompeii? Things such as daily life including meals, clothing, activities, beliefs ETC and the Mt Vesuvius volcano eruption and the effects ETC. Any information would be appreciated. Thanks

What is the cost to maintain a baby? For school, I'm supposed the take care of a "baby" and I'm also supposed to find out how much it would cost to take care of a baby. Such costs would include how much it would cost to feed a baby daily, and how often the baby's diaper needs to be changed daily (thus including the cost of diapers.) Thank you for answering!

Question about tips in luxurious hotels such as Four Seasons? How much tip are you supposed to give five star hotels such as the Four Seasons? Specifically, I would like to know how much tip to give to: 1.The person who helps you with the luggage 2.The person who takes you to your room 3.Daily maid service 4.If the breakfast is included, is the tip included as well? 5.What about the shuttle bus driver from the airport? By the way, I meant the hotels in Hawaii, US.

Do these figures surprise you? Does it change the way you think about disabilityin America? U.S. Census Bureau WASHINGTON, July 16 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- On this day in 1990, President George H.W. Bush signed into law the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), guaranteeing equal opportunity for people with disabilities in public accommodations, commercial facilities, employment, transportation, state and local government services, and telecommunications. Population Distribution 41.2 million Number of people who have some level of disability. They represent 15 percent of the civilian noninstitutionalized population 5 and older. By age -- * 6 percent of children 5 to 15 have disabilities. * 12 percent of people 16 to 64 have disabilities. * 41 percent of adults 65 and older have disabilities. Source: 2007 American Community Survey http://factfinder.census.gov 15% Percentage of females with a disability, compared with 14 percent of males. Source: 2007 American Community Survey http://factfinder.census.gov Using or Needing Assistance 11 million Number of disabled people 6 and older who need personal assistance with everyday activities. This group amounts to 4 percent of people in this age category. These activities include such tasks as getting around inside the home, taking a bath or shower, preparing meals and performing light housework. 3.3 million Number of people 15 and older who use a wheelchair. Another 10.2 million use an ambulatory aid such as a cane, crutches or walker. Specific Disabilities 1.8 million Number of people 15 and older who report being unable to see printed words at all or were blind. 1 million Number of people 15 and older who reported deafness or being unable to hear conversations at all. 2.5 million Number of people 15 and older who have some difficulty having their speech understood by others. Of this number, 431,000 were unable to have their speech understood at all. 16.1 million Number of people with limitations in cognitive functioning, or who have a mental or emotional illness that interferes with daily activities, including those with Alzheimer's disease and mental retardation. This group comprises 7 percent of the population 15 and older. This included 8.4 million with one or more problems that interfere with daily activities, such as frequently being depressed or anxious, trouble getting along with others, trouble concentrating and trouble coping with stress. On the Job 13.3 million Number of 16- to 64-year-olds who reported a medical condition that makes it difficult to find a job or remain employed. They comprise 7 percent of the population this age. 46% Percentage of people 21 to 64 having some type of disability who were employed in the past year. The rate ranged from 75 percent of those with a nonsevere disability to 31 percent with a severe disability. For those without a disability, the employment rate is 84 percent for the same period. 59% Percent of people 21 to 64 with difficulty hearing that were employed. The corresponding percentage for those with difficulty seeing was 41 percent. 48% Percentage of people 21 to 64 with a nonsevere disability who work full time. This compares with 63 percent without a disability and 16 percent with a severe disability. Income and Poverty $2,250 Median monthly earnings for people 21 to 64 with a nonsevere disability. This compares with $2,539 for those with no disability and $1,458 for those with a severe disability. $2,252 Median monthly earnings for people 21 to 64 with difficulty hearing. The corresponding figure for those with difficulty seeing was $1,932. 12% The poverty rate for people 25 to 64 with a nonsevere disability. This compares with 27 percent for those with a severe disability and 9 percent of those without a disability. Serving Our Nation $28.2 billion Amount of compensation veterans received for service-connected disabilities in fiscal year 2007. Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009, Table 505 http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/. Accommodations 98.5% Percent of transit buses that were ADA lift- or ramp-equipped, as of 2006. This represents an increase from 61.7 percent in 1995. Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2009, Table 1075 http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/. Unless otherwise indicated, all the data are from the Americans with Disabilities: 2005 report athttp://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/income_wealth/013041.html. Surprised, no. Incredulous that all of it is correct, yes.

Is their such a thing as too much Vitamin D? I am taking a daily multi-vitamin which has vitamin D. My doctor recently suggested that I also take a calcium supplement since I do not drink milk on a regular basis. I have picked up Caltrate which includes vitamin D. Is their such a thing as getting too much Vitamin D on a daily basis? Any suggestions or comments are helpful. Thank you.

Why do conservative pundits think their judgement is superior to General Petraeus'? Early in the week, we heard from conservatives (including Rush, bloggers, many on YA) that those critical of the war had no right to contradict Gen. Petraeus, because he is both running the entire effort and knows the "facts on the ground". One of the main areas he testified about was strategic counterinsurgency, i.e, how to combat terrorism using non-military means. But following Petraeus' comment that he is unsure whether the whole Iraq effort is "making America safer", the Con pundits backpedal and now tell us that the Gen. is just a "military man", implying that he isn't sophisticated enough to make the pat judgements that the likes of Limbaugh and Hannity belch daily (such as "we have to fight them over there so we don't have to fight them here"). Clearly, Petraeus' is responsible for very sophisticated strategic planning far beyond anything that is demanded of the likes of BillO. So why do they blithely dismiss his judgement that the war may not be making us safer? The Cons want to style him as a military genius, but beyond that he is supposedly ignorant and doesn't have his own opinion of the overall global situation? Rob: I think that we have made improvements in intelligence gathering and some small improvements (not nearly enough) in border security that have made us safer, but I don't see that teh Iraq War has made us safer at all. So I do agree with Gen. Petraeus.

how do i maintain my weight?!? Ok i know this probably sounds stupid, but i'm really scared to start eating somewhat normally again incase i gain weight. I went on a diet and basically haven't been eating anything fattening, having a bowl of cereal for breakfast & then a salad + half a can of tuna or an egg white omlette for dinner. Im about 5'8/5'9 female and i weigh about 110lbs. I know it's underweight, but i am happy with this weight, i don't wanna lose anymore but i do not want to gain. I exercise once or twice a week not including daily activities such as about an hour of brisk walking. I'm always tired, i keep getting headaches and i have no motivation yet i can stop worrying about what i'm gonna have to eat. I know you'll probably say i'm anorexic (i have considered it, i am not, i eat pizzas etc now and again etc - just not often. so please dont patronise me about it) Anyways, if anyone can give me some real good adivce or ideas on how to keep my weight i would be very greatful. thanks.. the only reason why i dont eat alot is because im worried it'l lead to gain, thats it.

Tipping in luxurious hotels such as Four Seasons? How much tip are you supposed to give five star hotels such as the Four Seasons in Hawaii? Specifically, I would like to know how much tip to give to: 1. The person who helps you with the luggage 2. The person who takes you to your room 3. Daily maid service 4. If the breakfast is included, is the tip included as well? 5. What about the shuttle bus driver from the airport?

What info should I include in a daily folder for first graders and their parents? I have been teaching for seven years. This will be my first year teaching first grade. In order to make communication and learning a family and school affair, I have decided to make a mini reference/ homework/ communication folder. I know that I will be including a spelling contract and behavior notice for the week. I would also like to include a variety of skills that will remain in the folder that I want to encourage the parents to go over daily or at least 2-3 times a week to help with repetition. Things such as counting by 2,3,5, colors and color words, days of week, months of year, days in a week, sight word lists, blah blah blah. Could I get a good list of things to include?? I would love to hear ideas from any teachers. I hope that providing this info will help them stay involved and dedicated to the education of their child. PLEASE HELP!!! School starts Tues. and I want to start the folders ASAP. Info at their fingertips will definitely lessen the amount ??? later.

What are some good mature virus and infection anime manga and where can I find them ? I read manga daily and one type I really find fasinating are manga about infections and viruses, Usually manga in involving this genre for ages 18+ Usually manga involving this topic including characteristics such as gushing blood , popping skin , or some sort of mutation really sparks my interest. If you know any anime manga that involves this type of genre , please list some or a specific webpage I could find some. Greatly appreciated. : )

Including Coffee in with Daily Water Intake? (10pts tonight)? I am curious if there is anyone who has confirmed the following with a nutritionist or trainer... Should coffee consumed be included in your daily water intake? I drink 4L (1 Gallon) of water daily, and it struck me today that perhaps I should be drinking a little less from my bottle (I carry a 4L jug with me all day) due to the amount of coffee I drink daily.... I drink 1 - 2, 20oz (600ml) cups of coffee on an average day, just coffee with a little bit of milk (usually skim, 1% or 2%) and I'm wondering if this should be included as water intake in such a way that I should be reducing my "jug water" intake by the amount of coffee in ML/OZ that I consume that day so that between the two, I take in 4L in the day? My educated guess is that yes, of course this should be included as part of my water intake, but stranger things have happened so here I am looking for confirmation or someone to tell me that it shouldn't be included as water intake... 10pts for the info tonight. Thanks Barb, that's exactly what I was looking for, I shall declare you best answer once the system let's me :) To the person who said 4L of water is excessive and that 1L is "lots", we'll have to agree to disagree... one needs to consider, bodyweight, activity level, age, sex and even climate to determine an appropriate water intake. 1L of water for any adult is too little as the general rule of thumb is that one should consume 50 - 75% of your bodyweight in ounces of water p/day... 1L is about 35 ounces which is enough for water for someone who weighs about 70lbs. Also, thanks to Kris for the info about the study done on Oprah, that's very interesting and helpful as well and I gave you a thumbs up so you get at least 1pt :)

What If Children Ran Parents Household & Controlled Everything Until 18. Would It Work? Just imagine children having authorty. They could whip and chastise tehir parents, put them in jail anytime they wanted, manage all the income and bills determine what, when, where and how things were bought, monitor all activties including friends, work, relationships, phone calls, all friends coming over, and even daily life such as sleeping, eatng, going out, what clothes, and everything else. Would it be a splendid idea. maybe the minors could run thing better. How could it work.

How much would be daily operating cost of a 30 PAX 25 Knots Crew Boat? Hi, I want to start a work as a supplier of Crew Boats to some company. I have an opportunity of supplying a crew boat of 30 PAX 25 Knots to a company. What would the daily operating cost of such a boat should be approximately? Like including the Sailing Crew's salary etc.

How much does it cost for a live-in nurse or caretaker for a disabled obese person? My mother is obese and we are looking for a live-in nurse(s) to help her with her daily activities including cleaning, bathing, cooking meals, etc. I don't know if such a person exists but we were curious about how much it would cost.

I want a daily exercise routine without having to use equipment? I would like to improve my physique and have a BMI within healthy levels. I want to know any decent routine for building muscle mass and toning but one that doesn't require using barbells, dumbbells or such equipment. I walk for about an hour a day and also include push-ups and crunches but I cannot shift that last layer of fat to get a six pack. Ideas I have had include daily yoga and some army-type 10 minute work-outs. I would like a routine that can be repeated daily so does not target specific muscle groups i.e. overall fitness and bodyshaping routine. Thanks. Additionaly: An exercise that I do not have to travel to or seek an instructor. I will be starting thai boxing soon after a long wait but I can do many of these exercises at home now.

I only have 10GB free broadband per month. How much does things such as emails, facebook use? I have no idea what 10GB actually means - I hardly ever download music, movies etc but do use my computer for emailing etc on a daily basis. I am wondering is it worth upgrading my current package to include unlimited broadband?

What would you consider to be a reasonable amount to pay the custodial parent in child support? if you were/are the non-custodial parent? It is evident, that child support payments are disputed based on the amount that a non-custodial parent is ordered to pay. If you were given the opportunity to be involved in calculating your monthly payment for each child, how would you base your calculations. Example: a round about figure of say, $500 per child. If $500 was to be broken down into 30 days, the average daily amount would be $16 per day. Based on the example given, do you believe that $16 per day/ per child is a reasonable amount to pay the custodial parent for the child’s living expenses? And that is not including any incidentals such as, sports activities, school functions, entertainment, etc. Would you be willing to pay the child support without missing any payments and asking for any reduction in your payment? The above question is in no way, shape, or form discriminating against non-custodial parents that do pay their child support without complaint.

could you imagine (seriously !) going to a school that requires such daily hair braiding for students? http://www.bowdoin.edu/ocs/views-from-away/images/2006-2007/Ahearn_Schoolgirls_sm.jpg this is in some schools in INDIA,and I ( I am 14 btw ) will soon attend such a school in Punjab,India,so I read the school policy regarding hair for all female students (including high school) : -for girls with shorter hair, hair must be tied in a ponytail neatly off face at all times while in school -for girl with shoulder and longer hair (mine is waist length !!) hair must be PLAITED (braided) in 2 braids ,if long enough braids must be looped (like in photo) and in my school's case ,Light Blue ribbons have to be tied in braids . NO FRINGE /BANGS ALLOWED ! my hair is caucasian anyway HOW WILL I LOOK WITH MY HAIR FASHIONED THIS WAY EVERY SINGLE DAY ,OMG ?????

could you imagine (seriously !) going to a school (INDIA) that requires such daily hair braiding for students? http://www.bowdoin.edu/ocs/views-from-away/images/2006-2007/Ahearn_Schoolgirls_sm.jpg this is in some schools in INDIA,and I ( I am 14 btw ) will soon attend such a school in Punjab,India,so I read the school policy regarding hair for all female students (including high school) : -for girls with shorter hair, hair must be tied in a ponytail neatly off face at all times while in school -for girl with shoulder and longer hair (mine is waist length !!) hair must be PLAITED (braided) in 2 braids ,if long enough braids must be looped (like in photo) and in my school's case ,Light Blue ribbons have to be tied in braids . NO FRINGE /BANGS ALLOWED ! my hair is caucasian anyway HOW WILL I LOOK WITH MY HAIR FASHIONED THIS WAY EVERY SINGLE DAY ,OMG ?????

Flat abs in one and a half months, help? I am 13, turning fourteen in august, I'm 4' 11'' and I weigh 105 around there I'm always a different weight I'm usually around 102-107 but I'm currently 105. I want to be fit this summer I haven't been doing much and for school I'm gonna be in soccer, Plus I really want a flat stomach and toned thighs. Is there any way to do this in one and a half months of at leastt be half there in that time? If you can help, including a daily schedule such as eating times & what to work on would be nice. Thanks(:

Modern car with a steam engine? Where would I find such an engine, and could I fit it to a modern car? I just read an article at http://www.damninteresting.com/?p=669#mo... and found other articles about steam cars, including modern attempts by a British car club at breaking the world speed record for steam powered cars. Where can I get a high-powered engine like the one in the article? (and how much would it cost?) As fascinating as this revival of steam technology is, is it really feasible? Has anyone actually done this in the recent past for a car used daily for normal driving? Convince me.

How much per day/week would you need to live on in Sharm el Sheikh? Hi I am hoping to move to Sharm and am working out my finances... I need to know how much I need to allow for every day expenses (don't need to include rent) such as food, personal items, etc. I know costs vary a lot depending if you shop locally or at Metro/Old Market etc but would like some idea of daily living costs. Very many thanks

How do I keep my computer in 'like new' condition throughout the years? Just bought a Compaq Presario CQ60-419WM. I know it is cheap, I only need it for internet, movies and e-mail. What are my options for accessories and such that will prolong the life of this computer, and keep it running like new? Including software, hardware, programs, daily cleaning, tips and tricks would be appreciated.

Is this the reason of my green feces? I have noticed that I have some days defecating in green color, it looks even some kind of nice color, lol. In the last week I have been drinking Hill Country Grape Soda because it tastes so good for me. I drink it every day. That's the only different thing that I have been including in my daily diet. I don't have any other symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, jaundice or anything. Thank you for your comments.

We study the sun for various reasons. One such reason is that events on the sun, such as solar flares and? We study the sun for various reasons. One such reason is that events on the sun, such as solar flares and prominences can affect the solar wind/weather that reaches the earth. This in turn can have a negative effect on various types of communications, including satellite transmissions daily weather patterns for weeks after the event. climate. the amount of ultraviolet radiation reaching the surface of the earth. 2.)In 1957, the Russian satellite, __________was launched. This event began what we now call the "Space Race" between the US and Russia. 3.)Some atoms, such as carbon-14, whose nuclei are not stable, loose parts of their nucleus through decay. In the process they become another element. Atoms such as this are said to be ____. half - atoms radicals isotonic radioactive

Determining levels of prevention? Can someone please help? Determining levels of prevention? analyze the scenarios and describe the level of prevention is primary prevention,secondary prevention, or tertiary prevention. Do you think the prevention strategy used in the scenario was effective? If not what would you do differently? Scenario 1: Violence Prevention in a High Risk Community Karyn, a social services worker, is confronted daily with issues such as homicide, suicide, child and elder abuse, battered women, sexual assault, and domestic violence in the community agency in which she works. Her job responsibilities are to build community and agency coalitions to help meet the needs of the community. One day, an enraged young man stormed into the agency demanding to know the whereabouts of his wife, whom he had ordered not to leave the house. The wife was cowering in Karyn’s office after being referred by her physician for suspicious bruises. The agency has a procedure for handling potentially violent situations such as this one, in addition to providing a panic button. Someone pushed the panic button behind the receptionist’s desk, which brought the police within minutes. The wife was later transported to a shelter for battered women. The shelter provides classes in self-esteem, parenting, and job training and placement. It also assists clients with access to eligible welfare benefits and housing. Scenario 2: Closure of a Planned Parenthood Clinic You are a social worker in your community’s county public health office. Of the 60,000 people living in your county, 12,000 are women of childbearing age. The teen pregnancy rate is above the national average. Twenty-five to 30 percent of the county’s births are unintended. With an annual per capita income of just over $13,000, most of the population lives below the poverty level. At your weekly team meeting, your manager announces that the Planned Parenthood Clinic in the county is closing due to lack of funding. Other county family-planning providers have waiting lists and cannot take new patients. Team consensus is that lack of accessible and affordable family planning services will lead to more unintended pregnancies, child abuse, and poverty. You organize a group of other health and human service providers in the county to solve the issue. After much discussion, the public health office decides to offer limited family planning services. Scenario 3: Homeless Health Care You are a case manager in a community mental health center. Many of your clients are homeless and have either mental disorders or substance abuse and health problems. Health problems in the homeless are exacerbated by their homeless status. Exposure to extreme temperatures and a lack of sanitary facilities, nutritious food, restful sleep, and support networks worsen infections and chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease. The homeless are less likely to take their medications for their mental and other physical diseases. Most homeless do not seek health care until they are so sick or injured that they have to be transported to the emergency room by ambulance. Although there is a community health center in the county, it is not accessible financially or geographically to the homeless. After determining the needs of the homeless population in your case load, you meet with the leaders of all the agencies that provide services to the homeless, including the health center. You learn that there are three shelters, one food bank, and two faith-based initiatives providing services to the homeless. A collaborative decision is made to provide basic health services in the shelters. The health center will supply the clinical providers, supplies, and equipment; the shelters will provide the space, furniture, and utilities; and the mental health center will provide on-site case management that includes counseling and support groups.

How do I make my thin, flat hair fluffy and airy? As stated in the question, my hair is thin and flat and refuses to cooperate. My daily routine includes a shower and a quick blow dry session. Instead of the limpness I typically encounter, I want my hair to be flow-y and airy and fluffy! How do I achieve such a feat? I'd like a quick fix so I can impress a cute boy in my Spanish class tomorrow. Please help me?!

How long do you spend on the toilet? When going to the toilet (for a no.2) how long would you say you spend in the toilet on average? also do you read, does it have to be something specific, something in general (e.g. daily newspaper, current book your reading etc), at the very least some sort of book or magazine etc, or anything including whatever is lying around such as a shampoo bottle etc? Also any amusing stories concerning this most magnificent of pastimes

What sorts of liquids are included in the daily recommended 8 servings of water per day? Do any other liquids count, such as tea, lemonade etc?

What would a daily routine or schedule include when preparing one for a baby between 3-12 months? I am a new mom of a beautiful and out going 3 month old baby girl. I have never had the responsibility to care for a child 24/7 and was considerig developing a daily routine or schedule for her such as playtime, nap time outside time etc. I feel as though i am not entertaining her or stimulating her enough. What would a successful, entertaining and educating routine consist of?

How often do you clean these things/places? ust want to compare my cleaning routine to everyone else out there. How often do you clean these please: Kitchen worktops Toilet Bathroom including all accessories Mop floors Carpets Pollish furniture such as tv unit etc Oven and hob fride hoover your carpets and flooring I always clean my work surfaces daily, my toilet around every 3 days, although i put bleach down daily, i clean my whole bathroom around every 3 days too. I mop my wooden floors around every 2-3 days, i hoover all floors and carpets daily sometimes more than once a day, although not always upstairs everyday. I clean my carpets not oo often at th moment but usually every couple of months. I pollish around every 2 days. I clean my fride not very often unfortunately around every couple of months it gets a thorough clean. My oven i clean not too often but my hob usually daily or every 2 days. Do you think my cleaning routine is ok? Taking into consideration that i have 2 young girls and im also pregnant.

How did Adults back in the olden days find time to join organizations like the Freemasons or American Legion? Nowadays, with work and the household duties and all these other daily obligations, it's a miracle if one finds any free time for themselves! How did people of previous generations find the time or the willingness to attend organizations with members of a community? I'm 22 and most of my peers (including myself) don't bother with attending organizations (such as religions) that aren't employment-related. The sentiment is, if it doesn't relate to my needs, then it's a waste of time.

Does anyone love it when they squirm? A federal prosecutor has said I. Lewis Libby Jr., former chief of staff to Vice President Dick Cheney, is trying to sabotage the criminal case against him by insisting through his lawyers that he be given sensitive government documents for his defense. In a court filing on Thursday night, the prosecutor said requests by Mr. Libby's lawyers for documents, including the daily intelligence briefs given to the president for nearly a year, were "a transparent effort at 'graymail.' " The prosecutor, Patrick J. Fitzgerald, said the requests for a large amount of sensitive information beyond what they had been given was unjustified. Mr. Fitzgerald told the federal judge hearing the case that defendants like Mr. Libby had an incentive to derail their trials by asking for sensitive documents that the government might not want discussed openly. Graymail is the practice of discouraging a prosecution from proceeding by contending that a defendant may need to disclose classified or sensitive information as part of a full defense. Such an approach can force the government to choose between dropping the prosecution or allowing the information to be disclosed at a trial. anna1, the truth is that Libby will never go to prison. He will roll over on Cheney and Bu$h. None have been charged yet with Treason and none will be charged, treason is the crime that none of them will face. You hoped for the best for Clinton, right. The Neocans in Congress knew they did not have the votes in the Senate but went ahead anyway, they hope for the best for Clinton, right. mnib1, I do hope for the best for our country. I just don't see it in the White House or the Republican party. All I see is lies and corruption. That apply s to the Democrats as well. What I hope for is that Bu$h would resign, since Bu$h and Cheney are both failure's, that will not happen. That would be “the Best” for our country. Bu$h and Cheney are both Draft Dodgers and Both are convicted felons. I also see it as true Cheney was drunk when he shot the man he did not know that well. Why else would he refuse a alcohol level test for 12 hours? We will never know for sure if he was drunk or not.

Does my meal plan allow dessert? or should i dis-include it :? I'm 14 years old and a guy, and a very athletic runner usually running 4.5 miles+ daily, but today i have alot of homework so i don't have time to run. My meal plan usually includes 4 - 5 meals daily such as. Breakfast 7:00am - usually around 300 - 350 calories tops Lunch 12:00pm - usually 350 calories Snack 4:00pm - usually under 150 calories Dinner 7:00pm - usually pretty big, around 450 - 550 calories and (sometimes dessert) 8:00 - 8:45pm - varies from 100 - 300 calories depending on mood and so far today i've only had about 1300 calories, i've had about 60g of fiber and 70g of protein and about 250 carbohydrates from all the fruits and veges i eat. My question is should include dessert in my meal plan or not? If so what's a healthy dessert to you guys, i had some yogurt when i got home as a snack so i can't eat yogurt again :p

Why are sex workers and drug addicts' population growing in China? (read article)? http://www.chinasmack.com/2011/pictures/chinese-drug-addicts-living-under-shenzhen-overpass.html it says these include "daily" activities such as prostituting and injecting drugs in broad daylight, how come they don't get imprisoned but writing a criticism essay on China's government will?

What should a boxer puppy not eat? I have a 7 month old puppy, and he gets very spoiled. It's fine because he's such an incredible dog, but I'm worried that what he eats might make him sick. My parents especially like to give him human food quite regularly, including toast and peanut butter on a daily basis. He seems to be perfectly healthy, and he gets plenty of exercise, but I want to know what he definitely shouldn't eat.

Is it time for a healthy Beer? Is there any beer on the market that's maybe not as bad for you as the others? After 5 years of not bothering too much i'm on a push to get fit again and eat all the right things including the 5 fruit/veg a day. I've given up all the stuff i love such as take-aways, chocolate, etc, doing the daily exercise as well but the beer is something i've realised is the sticking point. I'n not a massive drinker, just a couple of times a week but i'm not willing to give it up, i don't smoke and with everything else going healthy then i'm happy having a few beers. I usually drink say 3 draught larger such as Carling then move onto bottled beers like Corona or Bud, i'm not a fan of spirits, brown beers are ok. The suggestions to stop completely is not an option i'm willing to take, cutting back is an obvious one but not really answer for me. Any suggestions?

2 Science questions i need help on please? Could anyone please help thanks 1. You are the project manager for the newest effort to study the planet Pluto. This will not be an easy job because of the planets great distance from earth. Which of the following "tools" would be most suited to this kind of mission? (More than one tool could be used, but think about which is best for this type of mission.) A) satellite B) probe C) manned/space shuttle type mission D) using a telescope, like the Hubble Space Telescope 2. We study the sun for various reasons. One such reason is that events on the sun, such as solar flares and prominences can affect the solar wind/weather that reaches the earth. This in turn can have a negative effect on A) various types of communications, including satellite transmissions B) daily weather patterns for weeks after the event. C) Climate D) the amount of ultraviolet radiation reaching the surface of the earth.

Any ideas of the niche product I could come up with for satisfying the modern demands of picky elegant women? As a very sociable and outgoing guy who finds a great pleasure in approaching and obtaining contacts of many beautiful women on a daily basis, I am now looking for such a niche product that I could satisfy the modern demands of picky elegant and stunning women including models and performing artists too. In advance many thanks for any of your advices, suggestions and ideas.

Health benefits of aspirin the same as other pain killers? Daily aspirin combats arterial aging, heart attacks, strokes, and some cancers, including colon, rectal, bladder, esophageal, breast, and prostate. But do other pain killers such as paracetamol and ibuprofen do the same?

Times of India advertisements regarding Mobile Phones at half the price? There have been daily advertisements in Times of India regarding selling of Mobile Phones, including the reputed brands, at almost half the price by the Seller. Being published and supported by ToI lends a degree of credibility to such Sellers but how is it possible for these Sellers to sell high end Mobile Phones at almost half the price? Could someone explain?

what are some reasons besigner dogs, and byb is unhealthy and wrong? DESIGNER dog disasters are flooding animal shelters, dumped because of deformities, disease, and overshot jaws. The fad varieties, which include cross-breeds such as Labradoodles, Cavoodles and Pugaliers, are too often being bred with genetic faults, experts say. And a surge in demand for designer dogs has resulted in production-line breeding, causing health problems for dogs and their puppies. The Animal Welfare League and South Australian Canine Association have called for regulations on cross-breeding to stamp out the health problems. Animal Welfare League spokeswoman Donna Sullivan said its shelter received designer-dog disasters daily, including puppies with genetic defects and others that had been used excessively for breeding. "Their reproductive systems are so overworked to feed the want for `designer dogs', their mammary glands are loose or enlarged and occasionally the uterus of an overworked dog sits outside the body," she said. "They are abandoned when they are unable to produce more pups." Ms Sullivan said the designer crossbreeds came from unregistered breeders who were under no obligation to limit the number of litters they forced their dogs to have. "The parent dogs in many cases have no paperwork to guarantee they have no genetic health disorders," she said. Sue Whelan, who runs the Hahndorf Interim Animal Shelter, said designer cross-breeding was a massive industry with no rules to stop faults being bred. "Our records over the last seven years show a dramatic increase in these designer dogs ending up at our shelter with all kinds of defects," she said. "There is a whole pet farming industry and you don't really know what has been crossed with what and a lot of these dogs aren't bred responsibly," she said. "Most of the time they come in totally matted because people are buying these cute and fluffy poodle crosses and not realising they need to be almost sheared like a sheep at least twice a year. We clip them back and find all these problems with their shoulders and hips and jaws." SA Canine Association president John Carter said he was "fed up" with overpriced crossbreeds and their associated problems. "We have spent years literally breeding out the faults in dogs and here these people are just putting dogs together and breeding the problems back in," he said. "We're talking hip dysplasia, eye problems, temperament problems – all kinds of things. "And they are not under the control of anybody. Pedigree breeders are disciplined if they breed a dog under 12 months of age or use a mother and son or father and daughter." Mr Carter said puppy farms had become money-making ventures where thousands could be paid for "what is essentially a mongrel". "These people have no conscience – they aren't dogs to them, they are animals," he said. State Government Dog and Cat Management Board chief executive Deb Kelly said all breeders – whether pedigree or crossbred – had a responsibility to ensure they were producing healthy animals. "In relation to genetic deformities, it is something we are monitoring and if there is a need to regulate, we would be making such recommendations to the minister," she said. are their anythat arent stated in here? im writing a paper, and if you guys could add anymore reasons that would be great! thanks

Is there anywhere online that I can watch the movie Dragon Heart? Such as Youtube, Daily Motion, etc...if so, please include links--thank you!

I have really bad ingrown hairs on my bikini line. Ive done everything to get rid of/prevent them including? exfoliating daily, waxing, using tend skin and other treatments with salicylic acids and such and yet I still get an ingrown in almost every hair follicle and most of them are big and painful. PLEASE help :(!

Can I take these supplements with my normal perscriptions? I currently take 20 mg of Celexa and 1mg of Klonopin daily. However, I would like to start taking a vegetarian omega complex which will include numerous types of oils such as evening primrose oil and flaxseed oil. Is this safe to take? Also, i was wondering if I could take fenugreek with my normal perscriptions?

I am officialy stuck between two vehicles to buy. Which one should I get? help needed? I am considering the following. I am intending on using the vehicle for everything BUT daily work driving. Such activities including: hiking, fishing, museums, town drives, paintballing, beach, snow, mountains, promenades, and such. If I got the car, I would most likely tune it up and join a race crew. if the truck, well. go offroading. mpg is als oa factor, as well as girls..Which do you think has a better chance with the girls? :) google the images if you wish Option1 2007 Audi A4 2.0 T Quattro AWD, 6spd, Many features 200hp 4cyl mpg around 23-24 Option 2 2008 Toyota Tacoma V6 4.0 Extended cab Fully Loaded, non 4x4(due to cost to lift one) mpg around 18? ? Do audis breakdown a lot then?? Chad D: Looking I guess more for style than utility since I think wagons are horrid looking...What would make it SO expensive? Chad D: Looking I guess more for style than utility since I think wagons are horrid looking...What would make it SO expensive?

Please tell me about the sport drinks. Any positive or negative effects? There are many misconceptions surrounding sports drinks, such as Gatorade and PowerAde. Research these drinks, and write a short report discussing the pros and cons of such drinks. Include a nutritional breakdown of one of these drinks, and analyze how this relates and compares to daily-recommended intakes of certain nutrients. In your conclusion, use your evidence to decide whether or not you believe such drinks are a smart choice for: (a) the average high school student (b) top-level high-school athletes

Is the way I eat going to flatten my stomach? Not including my exercises This is my daily diet I have two bowls of cereal Special K one straight after the other and it really feels me up and makes me bloated and lasts me all day. But i heard that i could be making my stomach bigger eating such a large amount in one go? But thats all i eat all day until dinner

What city in LA is the best one to see the stars? not including events such as the oscars and stuff. just on a daily basis sort of thing :) just interested. If you have any stories let me know :D. woops i meant like over that area haha. yes LA is a city. bad wording from me. :D

Somebody please help me, I think Im going insane.? Throughout my 16 year lifespan, I have never once felt normal, but as I progress through adolescence I am beginning to feel as though the fringes of insanity are edging closer and closer...and closer. My social skills are ebbing away, my sense of humor is ebbing away, my sense of self is ebbing away (I no longer know who I am), and I feel as though I am losing control of my mind. I used to have daydreams, dreams, funny/interesting thoughts, and I used to be the life of the party, yet it all seems to be seeping away for a reason that I cannot entirely put my finger on. In actual fact, I think there could be a combination of different reasons for why this has happened, but I have no way of knowing for certain what has caused this transformation. All I can hope for is that a) It is not a permanent wound and b) I can reacclaim my confidence, my sense of worth, and most importantly, MY HAPPINESS. How does one go about doing this? Information about myself: I have always been an emotional/thoughtful person, so perhaps this is one reason for my shift in mindset. Negative "karma" and thoughts consume my mind on a daily basis: Such thoughts include "What is wrong with me?" - Could the fact that I think something is wrong with me actually cause me to have something wrong with me? (Does that even make sense?). During conversations when I think this, it turns me into a total freak - I dont say what comes naturally (because I am afraid that what I say will be somewhat dense or make no sense) and I end up forcing what I think I should say which usually ends up as a pile of jibberish or jumbled up words, which sounds slurred. At this point, I think "OMG WTF IS WRONG WITH ME?" which makes me even more anxious and unnatural. Another aspect of my life that I feel has catalysed (but may not have caused) this change was my experience at a private school here in the UK. Please accept my apologies for a grand generalisation - but the vast majority of pupils there were imperialists - always prepared to insult, laugh, and judge others. Over time, my hatred towards them infumed my brain and boiled my blood. I ended up saying almost nothing, because talking to people became utterly pointless. Not once was I invited to a party during my 5 year period at that school, primarily because nobody knew the "real me" - but rather the person who grew to despise all forms of life within my trapped, insular existence. But alas, I am out of that hell-hole, and am attending a new school with friends from my primary school (many of whom I kept in contact with throughout that 5 year period - could this have saved me from total insanity?) but am now having to face the same problems that occured whilst attending the private school. Why is this? I think the answer is quite clear - the private school I attended previously has changed my mindset. However, there are times when I switch into my original self - the person who I feel is truly me deep down, and the one that I would feel much happier being. These moments seem to be occuring less and less, and I am beginning to wonder if that facet of my personality is being lost gradually over time. Has anyone ever experienced this? Is there any advice you can give me? Thanks. I suppose my question is just a little too long for most people to read. Nonetheless, thank you for responses - I really appreciate the fact that there are others out there who can sympathise with my dilemma. I am flattered by your comment regarding my intelligence Lila, but what you see written here is not representative of my intelligence when talking to people. I find that when talking to people, the time constraint with which I am able to answer back is too narrow to form a coherent response. In other words, not many people think that I am a particularly clever person because I am never able to say anything insightful without thinking about what it is I will say. Perhaps the ability to do so comes with age and experience.

Is there a colon cleanse program to help me get rid of parasites eating my food?!? I have had irregular bowl movements forever now. About 6 months ago I became allergic to milk/ dairy products. I have all the symptoms of someone with VERY serious intestinal parasites.I have no insurance, and cannot go see a doctor. I have tried natural remedies....including the master cleanse. It is effecting my daily life in such a drastic way. Over the last year I have felt very sick... Help.

Can someone please edit my essay for social work? Social workers are guided by a professional code of ethics on advocating a change towards equality, justice, human rights, and the well-being of all individuals. This includes, but is not limited to, the disadvantaged, poor, vulnerable and oppressed individuals; the most helpless in society. Social workers empower individuals with the tools necessary to achieve their goals and live their lives to the fullest. We must devote our lives to helping society build a more dignified and equal society. All individuals have a fundamental right to live decent, dignified, and fulfilling lives, but society is structured such that not all individuals have equal access to necessities such as food, housing, education, safety, and employment. As social workers, it is our responsibility to ensure that individual needs are met so people can be more self-sufficient and able to make the best possible choices for themselves. Just as individuals have basic biological needs they have to satisfy in order to function, relationships are also vital to satisfy their emotional, physical, security, social and educational needs. Relationships lay the foundations of support in the lives of every individual in every nation in the world. The family is the primary source of support for individuals when dealing with problems in their lives. Some families have external and financial resources to help them with their problems, while many others do not. Often problems arise within a family or a relationship from a lack of communication. Relationships affect and influence everyone around us. Relationships help us learn from each other, therefore we can build a mutually beneficial relationship with those around us who are less fortunate than we are and aid them in seeking a more equal society. A strong relationship means strong support, and strong support means that individuals will be aided and looked after when in need. Strong support is good for the well-being of individuals everywhere, even to us as social workers. We need to strengthen relationships to help each other get along with family that provides for individuals well-being. Social workers advocate for change and equality for all individuals, including those who are vulnerable and oppressed. I believe that every human being is important, and therefore should be respected for his or her unique qualities and characteristics. We can readily understand that others hope to be treated fairly and equally under the law and in their daily lives. It is logical that we would hope that others recognize that we want the same things for ourselves. As social workers, we have a number of ethical responsibilities toward our clients. First of all, we need to have the training and tools to support them in their personal growth. Second of all, we need to be able to describe viable choices for them, given their current skill level, or help them to attain improved skill levels. Lastly, we need to guide them to the recognition that the greater the knowledge, the broader the spectrum of choices. Most of all, we also need to lead them to the understanding that freedom of choice ultimately translates to living life to the fullest. If we all work together for the common good of the vulnerable and oppressed individuals, then we can create a more fair and equitable society. The fruits of our labor will then be freedom, justice, and peace for all. Another personal value that places the highest ethical standard to social work profession is integrity. This is the standard of right and wrong of what each of us ought to do usually in terms of rights and obligations, benefits, common good, least harm, and social justice for all individuals. All of which is central to what social workers practice to accomplish for the rights of the disadvantaged, vulnerable, and oppressed in society. Social workers must adhere to the ethical principles of integrity on maintaining a high code of behavior, honesty, trust, being respected, and having a sense of justice and fairness. Being honest and having integrity can be guide for everything that one does. What to do when no one is watching, knowing the difference between doing the right thing and wrong thing, and keeping your word are all examples of integrity. These are attributes that social workers should practice as professionals and in their everyday lives. Having integrity is respected both in personal and professional relationships .One needs to display a certain amount of sincerity and morals when working with clients. A social worker, specifically, must uphold the highest level of morality. They need to maintain that level when other people try to challenge their views and test their wills. When social workers are challenged with ethical situations, they have to maintain a sense of integrity to their profession, ethics, and principles. We need to understand that clients have different values and beliefs from our own and as social workers we have to be open to learning about

Why do so many US teens meet criteria for a mental disorder? WASHINGTON — Around half of US teens meet the criteria for a mental disorder and nearly one in four report having a mood, behavior or anxiety disorder that interferes with daily life, American researchers say. Fifty-one percent of boys and 49 percent of girls aged 13-19 have a mood, behavior, anxiety or substance use disorder, according to the study published in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Behavior disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, were the next most common condition (19.1 percent), followed by mood disorders (14.3 percent) such as depression.

What are your thoughts on Govt controlled population? Codex Alimentarius: Population Control Under the Guise of Consumer Protection The Real Threat IN Part; While the esoteric agenda of the media is busy driving fear into the hearts of the world by focusing on terrorism, global warming, salmonella, and food shortages, the real threats are clandestinely becoming a reality. Soon every single thing you put into your mouth (with the exception of pharmaceuticals, of course) will be highly regulated by Codex Alimentarius, including water. The standards of Codex are a complete affront to the freedom of clean and healthy food, yet these regulations have no legal international standing. Why should we be worried? These soon-to-be mandatory standards will apply to every country who are members of the WTO (World Trade Organization). If countries do not follow these standards, then enormous trade sanctions will result. Some Codex standards that will take effect on December 31, 2009 and once initiated are completely irrevocable include [2]: * All nutrients (vitamins and minerals) are to be considered toxins/poisons and are to be removed from all food because Codex prohibits the use of nutrients to "prevent, treat or cure any condition or disease" * All food (including organic) is to be irradiated, removing all toxic nutrients from food (unless eaten locally and raw). * Nutrients allowed will be limited to a Positive List developed by Codex which will include such beneficial nutrients like Fluoride (3.8 mg daily) developed from environmental waste. All other nutrients will be prohibited nationally and internationally to all Codex-compliant countries [2]. * All nutrients (e.g., CoQ10, Vitamins A, B, C, D, Zinc and Magnesium) that have any positive health impact on the body will be deemed illegal under Codex and are to be reduced to amounts negligible to humans' health [3]. * You will not even be able to obtain these anywhere in the world even with a prescription. The Door is Open for Codex (in part) In 1995, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) created an illegal policy stating that international standards (i.e, Codex) would supersede U.S. laws governing all food even if these standards were incomplete [5]. Furthermore, in 2004 the U.S. passed the Central American Free Trade Agreement (illegal under U.S. law, but legal under international law) that requires the U.S. to conform to Codex in December of 2009 [6]. Once these standards are adopted there is no possible way to return to the standards of the old. Once Codex compliance begins in any area, as long as we remain a member of the WTO, it is totally irrevocable. These standards are then unable to be repealed, changed or altered in any way shape or form [1, 2, 7]. http://www.naturalnews.com/024128_CODEX_food_health.html There is more; No more US wheat stocked - all sold out! http://www.barternews.com/us_government_wheat_stocks_collapse.htm

Please help me with this Boy Scout requirement? Using resources such as major daily newspapers, the Internet (with your parent's permission), and news magazines, observe a current issue that involves international trade, foreign exchange, balance of payments, tariffs, and free trade. Explain what you have learned. Include in your discussion an explanation of why countries must cooperate in order for world trade and global competition to thrive.

How is it that Mian Ridge from the Monitor has such blatant misrepresentations in this news story re:Sri Lanka? "Chief among the complaints is delaying the return of more than 250,000 displaced Tamils" CSM needs to verify numbers because at my last count there were 220K in IDP Camps and over another 5,000 IDPs from Tamil, Muslim and Sinhala backgrounds were resettled yesterday. Family reunification continues as appropriate depending on clearances and separation of combatants from non-combatants. "Last Friday, President Mahinda Rajapaksa announced he would ensure the return of all refugees by January" Actually, what President Rajapaksa said was that his target was to have 70% of IDPs resettled by the end of January. "The government said Mr. Elder, who had said recently that the island's monsoon rains would cause chaos in the camps, was "spreading propaganda" The propoganda that Mr. Elder was spreading were comments related to the "months of hell" that children and combatants had to endure prior to reaching IDP facilities without any consideration for the THIRTY years of hell that they had to face at the hands of the LTTE and its recruitment and indoctrination wing - including that by fellow Aussie "Aunty" Adele Balasingham, a nurse from down under that taught women and children to be underage soldiers, suicide bombers and to take cyanide instead if surrendering - our rehab camps are full of young women who tell the stories of "Aunty" Adele. "Treating every Tamil as a terrorist?" We are certainly not treating every Tamil as a terrorist and in fact there are more Tamils that live in areas outside of the North and East and these people also have been terrorized, run out of their communities by LTTE and its affiliate organizations. We are daily discovering influx of LTTE from overseas, movements within and outside of IDP camps and huge stockpiles of weaponry. ""It seems absolutely racist, to treat every Tamil as if he was a potential member of the Tamil Tigers," says Suhas Chakma of the Delhi-based Asian Center for Human Rights." Asian Center for Human Rights knows much better than casting such aspersions on Sri Lanka for this is patenty untrue. "Only days before Mr. Rajapaksa's comment, British television aired a video that apparently showed soldiers killing unarmed, naked, and blindfolded Tamils – which would constitute a serious violation of international law – during the last and bloodiest phase of the war." There have been 3 independent studies done on this video and thay have all proved that the backstory, timeline and other details do not add up including elements of editing, date stamp VO and SOT. "The footage was obtained by Journalists for Democracy in Sri Lanka, an organization made up of several dozen expatriate Sri Lankan journalists, which said the film was taken by a Sri Lankan soldier in January using his mobile phone." Even the edited version shown on British television as "original" video has a date stamp that does not correspond to the January time frame, the original on Asian Tribune indicates that language spoken by "soldiers" is Tamil, the investigation provided to the Sri Lanka government shows that there has been sound editing, discrepancy in regulation uniform and that the footage was not shot using a camera phone. http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2009/09/20/new02.asp 3 studies by three different organizations have all proved major credibility gaps for both Journalists for Democracy and the video itself. There is also historical references of LTTE commiting such vile propoganda techniques. http://news.yahoo.com/s/prweb/20090921/bs_prweb/prweb2910884_1 Why didn't Tamils for Obama write a letter to Raj Ratnam??? http://www.colombopage.com/archive_091/Sep1253514383CH.html http://www.dailymirror.lk/DM_BLOG/Sections/frmNewsDetailView.aspx?ARTID=62107 http://www.colombopage.com/archive_091/Sep1253455414CH.html CHECK DRAFTS NOW RAJA/GENERAL F/PEIRIS/BEN B CHECK DRAFTS NOW GATES/RAJA/BEN B/GENERAL F/GENERAL P

What should my daily exercise routine consist of? I'm wanting to make a daily exercise program (without using any equipment) to become more fit and lose some weight. What should it consist of? I have some already such as 50 push-ups, 100 jumping jacks, 100 toe-raises & 50 crunches/sit-ups. What else should I include to make it more effective to become more flexible, fit, and, lose some weight? And how many of them should I do at a time? Thanks alot!

Why is backpain such an epidemic in America? It seems almost every American has daily backpain, including me and I'm only 16 years old. What is it about the back that everyone has problems with, and not any other body part?

Why have churches sold out to the government? Obtaining Corporation Status (501c3) is Against God The word "church" is not meant to refer to any physical building, but refers to the worldwide body of believers in Christ. The word "church" (ecclesia in Greek - called out ones) does not refer to any organization, no matter it's name or legal status. Keep that in mind when reading this article. It is time for Christians to wake up and turn back to God. We need to turn to the Lord and repent of our sins that we have committed against Him. We need to ask for forgiveness of tolerating idolatry that removes His Sovereignty over His Church. To see that the Church is in grave danger we must have a clear understanding of what a corporation is. We also need to realize what the courts have ruled about corporations and that a corporation has no rights, only privileges, granted by the "estate." To become a corporation removes the authority of the Lord over a corporate church and puts it under the bondage of man's law. According to man, The State is Sovereign over its Corporations 1. "A corporation is a creature of the state. It is presumed to be incorporated for the benefit of the public. It receives certain special privileges and franchises and holds them subject to the laws of the state and the limitation of its charter. Its powers are limited by law. It can make no contract not authorized by its charter. Its rights to act as a corporation are only preserved to it so long as it obeys the laws of its creation. There is a reserved right in the legislature to investigate its contracts and ascertain if it has exceeded its powers" (Hale v. Henkel, 201 U.S. 43) 2. "[A corporation is] an artificial person or legal entity created by or under the authority of the laws of a state. An association of persons created by statute as a legal entity.... The corporation is distinct from the individuals who comprise it (shareholders).... Such an entity subsists as a body politic under a special denomination, which is regarded in law as having a personality and existence distinct from that of its several members." Black's Law Dictionary West Publishing Company, 1991; 6th Edition, page 340. 3. "A corporation derives its existence and all of its powers from the State and, therefore, has only such powers as the State has conferred upon it. Power is used here to mean the legal capacity to execute and fulfill the objects and purposes for which the corporation was created, and the source of this power is the charter and the statute under which the corporation was organized." Len Young Smith and G. Gale Roberson, Smith and Roberson's Business Law, West Publishing Company, 1966, page 796. A corporation derives its existence and all of its power from the State. The church on the other hand was created by and is the body of Christ. We belong to Him and we are subject to Him and His Laws. The source of any church's power is supposed to be the Holy Spirit; it's authority to function solely from God. 4. "Corporate existence is a privilege granted by the sovereign upon compliance with specified conditions" Len Young Smith and G. Gale Roberson, Smith and Roberson's Business Law, West Publishing Company, 1966, page 931. . 5. "Corporations are not citizens.... The term citizen... applies only to natural persons... not to artificial persons created by the legislature" Paul v. Virginia, 8 Wall. 168, 177; see also the Opinion of Field, J., in the Slaughterhouse Cases, 16 Wall.36,99 The Word of God teaches us that Christians, His Holy Church, are citizens of the household of God (Eph.2:19). 6. Every corporation has obtained a charter from the State of Incorporation. This charter is simply permission to exist given to the corporation (by the State!) without which, its operations would be considered illegal. In addition to the charter are the articles of incorporation: "The objects or purposes for which a corporation is formed are expressly stated in its articles of incorporation, which delineate in general language the type of business activities in which the corporation proposes to engage" Smith and Roberson's Business Law, West Publishing Company, 1966, page 798. 7. "Instances of non-profit corporations are educational institutions, athletic clubs, library clubs, fraternities, sororities, hospitals, and organizations which have exclusively a charitable purpose" Smith and Roberson's Business Law, West Publishing Company, 1966, page 789. (Note: The purpose of the church is not "charity," nor is it's purpose exclusively charitable. Charity should be a function of every church, but is certainly not it's purpose. Offering worship to God, evangelism to the lost, and the fellowship and equipping of the saints are among church's exclusive purposes. (gm) The Lord is Sovereign over His Churches : Jesus is the Head of the Church, not man Paul compares the special relationship of Christ and His church to the God giving relationship of man and wife. What can be closer or more special then this? Would you bring another person into your marriage to control it with worldly principles? I hope the answer is no. Then why would you bring in a "fictitious entity" no less created by the state and man i.e.: corporation, to run and regulate something that belongs to the Lord? The relationship with Jesus and His Church belongs to Him alone. He is the Head of the Church and as such He governs it with His Laws, Principles and Directions. After all He is our King and is Sovereign over His Church. To become a corporation in effect divorces the church from Christ. We also commit idolatry by putting something before Him. Eph 5:23 For the husband is the head of the wife, even as Christ is the head of the church: and he is the saviour of the body. Christ is the Saviour of the body (the church); not the state. 24 Therefore as the church is subject unto Christ, so let the wives be to their own husbands in every thing. The church is subject to Christ not the state. 25 Husbands, love your wives, even as Christ also loved the church, and gave himself for it; Christ has purchased the church with His own blood. The State can give nothing for the church and should give nothing to the church. 26 That he might sanctify and cleanse it with the washing of water by the word, 27 That he might present it to himself a glorious church, not having spot, or wrinkle, or any such thing; but that it should be holy and without blemish. The church should be holy and without blemish, to mingle the church with the state/worldly system is to bring spot and wrinkle to the church because of what the state/world does and says, homosexuality, abortion, adultery and many other things are acceptable, they pass laws making them that way. This goes against God; should the church be partakers of that? 28 So ought men to love their wives as their own bodies. He that loveth his wife loveth himself. 29 For no man ever yet hated his own flesh; but nourisheth and cherisheth it, even as the Lord the church: The Lord nourishes and cherishes the church. Throughout history the state has tried to destroy the church. It still does through legislation trying to control all aspects of the free and corporate church. 30 For we are members of his body, of his flesh, and of his bones. The church is a living organism with a living head and body. Therefore the church is not a religious organization. It is possible to be a religious or charitable organization without being a church. 31 For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and shall be joined unto his wife, and they two shall be one flesh. The church is to be joined unto Christ. In Matthew Jesus used the word cleave. I do not see that the church is to be joined to Christ and the state. 32 This is a great mystery: but I speak concerning Christ and the church. He speaks of the relationship that the church is supposed to have with Christ. One that is supposed to be holy and true. One, that's with each other without interference, blessed. Eph 1:20 Which he wrought in Christ, when he raised him from the dead, and set him at his own right hand in the heavenly places, 21 Far above all principality, and power, and might, and dominion, and every name that is named, not only in this world, but also in that which is to come: 22 And hath put all things under his feet, and gave him to be the head over all things to the church Christ is to be all things to the church. He is in Charge and Head of the church not the state. The state is under His feet, it is the footstool of the Lord why put it ahead of Him? 23 Which is his body, the fullness of him that filleth all in all. KJV There are more Scriptures that would support that Jesus is the sole authority over the church. Most of us Christians know this and believe this. I challenge my brothers and sisters to find them. Study them, to see if the Truth is being brought forth. Jesus Christ Should Be The Head Of The Church - Why Then Incorporate? Many people for some reason think that a church has to. This is far from the truth on a few different levels. Here in the United States of America a church does not have to incorporate at all to be recognized as a local body of believers. (Not sure why they would want recognition from the state anyway.) I know some of you are thinking "Well, Romans 13 says..." Most of us have been taught that whatever the government says, goes. Wrong! If the government passes a law that interferes or contradicts one of Gods law we are not bound to follow it. There are examples of this in the Bible ; we have all heard the story of Daniel and the lions' den. To think Christians are bound by the laws of men, when it comes to the work of the Kingdom, is just stupid. If this were the case the church in Russia, China, Middle East and other places - if they listened to Romans 13 the way it is applied now - would never have seen growth. How about the brothers/sisters that smuggled Bibles into the old Soviet Block, China, Cuba and others? Whose law did they break? Man's. The local government's. They may be held accountable for their actions by men, they might even lose their lives. Guess what? God will reward them for their actions. They were doing the work of the Kingdom. I know most of us have heard that Federal law supercedes state law. State law supercedes county, city and town law, and so on and so forth. Guess what? The law of God supercedes all of man's law when it goes against His own (Acts 4:18-19). The point is even if there was a law requiring churches to incorporate we would not be bound to do so. In doing so we would be removing the Lordship of Jesus and giving it to the state. Thank God we have not reached this point yet in this country but don't be fooled, its coming. Why then do churches incorporate? 1. They think they have to. 2. They feel it gives them some benefit. 3. They think it gives them prestige. 4. Asset protection. 5. Think it's the only way gifts are tax deductible. 6. Think its okay with God. 7. They have always done it that way. The list could go on, I'm sure we could all find some earthly reasons why we think incorporating would be a good idea. We Still Think It's The Law - Show me Otherwise If you still think it's the law and that would make any difference to you in your relationship with the Lord, I will show you differently: "Congress shall make no law regarding an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof" (U.S. Constitution, First Amendment). According to the Internal Revenue Code, "a church, its integrated auxiliaries, and conventions and associations of the church are excluded from taxation." United States Code, Title 26, 508(c)(1)(A). Section 508(c) of the Internal Revenue Code provides that churches are not required to apply for recognition of Section 501(c)(3) status in order to be exempt from federal taxation or to receive tax deductible contributions. Churches are automatically exempt from Federal income tax, and contributions to churches are deductible by donors under section 170. Elsewhere, the IRS states: "Although a church, its integrated auxiliaries, or a convention of churches is not required to file Form 1023 to be exempt from federal income tax or to receive tax deductible contributions, such an organization may find it advantageous to obtain recognition of exemption (Tax Exempt Status for Your Organization, IRS Publication 557). Just what "advantage" is there for a church in obtaining 501(c)(3) recognition and thereby exchanging its sovereignty for a subordinate status in relation to the federal government? Most people would answer that such grants the church exemption from taxation. However, we have already seen that the federal government has never been able to tax the Church of Christ; the Church is not exempt from taxation, it is immune. The "advantage" is something else entirely: "By establishing its exemption, potential contributors are assured by the [Internal Revenue] Service that contributions will be deductible" Tax Exempt Status for Your Organization, IRS Publication 557. The tragic irony of all this is that, according to the Internal Revenue Code, financial donations to an unregistered, unincorporated church are automatically tax-deductible (26 USC 170-B). The government has no constitutional authority over the Church. It is not allowed to violate the First Amendment protection that the constitution provides. In fact the government may not infringe on any of our constitutional rights at all. They have found a way around this of course. To hold out an unbiblical advantage hoping an ignorant clergy person will take the bait and bring the church into voluntary compliance by forming a 501( C )(3) corporation, thus placing the church under the authority of the state. Once the church has been transformed into a corporation it then becomes subject to control by federal and state governments. In truth an incorporated church is no longer a church!! but merely a non-profit organization. Once a church incorporates the new non-profit organization is subject to total control by the government. You will be controlled on who you hire, what you can and cannot preach. You cannot conflict with public policy nor assault the hearer's sense of mental well being, self-esteem, sexual orientation etc. You can be sued. The IRS prohibits such organizations from "carrying on propaganda, or otherwise attempting to influence legislation" (26 USC 501-C-3). This prohibition extends, not only to the endorsement of a political candidate, but also any other attempts to "influence legislation," including taking a public stand against such government-protected abominations, such as abortion or homosexuality. Now, the church is discovering that favors from Washington, DC have strings attached. In this case, the string is a rope that is being used to throttle her once-powerful voice, to squeeze out her very life and, eventually, to hang her by the neck until dead! History Of Our New Nation: One of the reason people came to the new land was to get away from the entanglements of the old world. Quite a few of the reasons dealt with the issue of church and state. People where fleeing a repressive regime where there was a state-sponsored church or the church was running the governments. It was bad enough that people picked up and left. Now we seem to be returning to what our forefathers left on our own free will. We are taking a license to preach from the state, being told what we can and can't say. One of the things that inspired Patrick Henry's speech "Give Me Liberty Or Give Me Death" was, he saw a man being beaten for preaching the gospel without a license. If we forget history we are doomed to repeat it. We as Christians need to wake up and take a stand. One thing that sticks in my mind is when I got married : "By the power vested in me by God and the State of California I now...." What Do I Do Now? (This section will not be favored by corporate Pastor/Ministers.) 1. You became incorporated, become unincorporated. 2. Talk to your Pastor/Minister about this important issue. 3. Rescind your membership in an incorporated church. 4. Don't incorporate. 5. Don't support incorporated churches. 6. Find an unincorporated church. 7. Start an unincorporated church. 8. Study Your Bible Daily. 9. Pray for the Body of Christ. 10. Witness and lead people to a personal relationship with Jesus. I know finding an unincorporated church will be a real chore, as there are not many out there. There is also a real need to hear and study the word. If you must go to an incorporated church I suggest not becoming a member. I know this is not the norm but we have to remember who the head of the church is, and especially, that we are not join to ourselves to a harlot. Churches which have (knowingly or not) substituted the authority of Christ with sinful man's demonically-influenced word system fit this description. This issue has weighed on my spirit for a long time. I'm guilty of idolatry for finding things to put before Him in the writing of this paper. I was led to write this and now it's almost done. I only pray that God will get the glory, eyes and hearts will be opened and His Will be done. I realize this paper will not make me many friends. I know this, but that was not the point. I pray people will take the time to search out what The Word has to say on this issue. I'm certain many people will come to the same conclusion and we can restore the Lordship of Jesus Christ to his rightful place over HIS church. Acts 17:11 These were more noble than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness of mind, and searched the scriptures daily, whether those things were so. KJV A Servant of the King, Yashua Ha Mashiach, Jesus, the Messiah What Now? For more information on this topic go to http://www.theantichurch.org/501c3churchinfo.htm All information presented here is done so under the protection of the First, Fourth, Ninth, and Tenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. No warranty of accuracy is intended or implied, but merely reflects the best of my current non-professional research into these matters, to date. Nothing here should be interpreted or taken as legal advice, as I am not an attorney, and Guy Malone - who has posted it, but not written it - assumes no responsibility for any actions resulting from believing or acting upon this material; everything presented should be thoroughly researched against the Holy Bible, U.S. and State laws for your area, and with God and your conscience before taking any action from reading this material

Could someone please help me with accounting? I would like to know if you could help with my accounting. I have been working on this for three days and have yet to figure it all out. Could you please assist me? I am stuck on the cash disbursements journal, store supplies and office supplies on the general ledger, and the office and store supplies expense on the general ledger. I will be so grateful for your assistance. (If the Working Papers that accompany this book are not available, omit this comprehensive problem.) Assume it is Monday, May 1, the first business day of the month, and you have just been hired as the accountant for Colo Company, which operates with monthly accounting periods. All of the company’s accounting work is completed through the end of April and its ledgers show April 30 balances. During your first month on the job, the company experiences the following transactions and events (terms for all its credit sales are 2_10, n_30 unless stated differently): May 1 Issued Check No. 3410 to S&P Management Co. in payment of the May rent, $3,710. (Use two lines to record the transaction. Charge 80% of the rent to Rent Expense—Selling Space and the balance to Rent Expense—Office Space.) 2 Sold merchandise on credit to Hensel Company, Invoice No. 8785, for $6,100 (cost is $4,100). 2 Issued a $175 credit memorandum to Knox, Inc., for defective (worthless) merchandise sold on April 28 and returned for credit. The total selling price (gross) was $4,725. 3 Received a $798 credit memorandum from Peyton Products for the return of merchandise purchased on April 29. 4 Purchased the following on credit from Gear Supply Co.: merchandise, $37,072; store supplies, $574; and office supplies, $83. Invoice dated May 4, terms n_10 EOM. 5 Received payment from Knox, Inc., for the balance from the April 28 sale less the May 2 return and the discount. 8 Issued Check No. 3411 to Peyton Products to pay for the $7,098 of merchandise purchased on April 29 less the May 3 return and a 2% discount. 9 Sold store supplies to the merchant next door at their cost of $350 cash. 10 Purchased $4,074 of office equipment on credit from Gear Supply Co., invoice dated May 10, terms n_10 EOM. 11 Received payment from Hensel Company for the May 2 sale less the discount. 11 Purchased $8,800 of merchandise from Garcia, Inc., invoice dated May 10, terms 2_10, n_30. 12 Received an $854 credit memorandum from Gear Supply Co. for the return of defective office equipment received on May 10. 15 Issued Check No. 3412, payable to Payroll, in payment of sales salaries, $5,320, and office salaries, $3,150. Cashed the check and paid the employees. 15 Cash sales for the first half of the month are $59,220 (cost is $38,200). (Cash sales are recorded daily but are recorded only twice here to reduce repetitive entries.) 15 Post to the customer and creditor accounts. Also post individual items that are not included in column totals at the end of the month to the general ledger accounts. (Such items are posted daily but are posted only twice each month because they are few in number.) 16 Sold merchandise on credit to Hensel Company, Invoice No. 8786, for $3,990 (cost is $1,890). 17 Purchased $13,650 of merchandise from Fink Corp., invoice dated May 14, terms 2_10, n_60. 19 Issued Check No. 3413 to Garcia, Inc., in payment of its May 10 invoice less the discount. 22 Sold merchandise to Lee Services, Invoice No. 8787, for $6,850 (cost is $4,990), terms 2_10, n_60. 23 Issued Check No. 3414 to Fink Corp. in payment of its May 14 invoice less the discount. 24 Purchased the following on credit from Gear Supply Co.: merchandise, $8,120; store supplies, $630; and office supplies, $280. Invoice dated May 24, terms n_10 EOM. 25 Purchased $3,080 of merchandise from Peyton Products, invoice dated May 23, terms 2_10, n_30. 26 Sold merchandise on credit to Crane Corp., Invoice No. 8788, for $14,210 (cost is $8,230). 26 Issued Check No. 3415 to Perennial Power in payment of the May electric bill, $1,283. 29 The owner of Colo Company, Jenny Colo, used Check No. 3416 to withdraw $7,000 cash from the business for personal use. 30 Received payment from Lee Services for the May 22 sale less the discount. 30 Issued Check No. 3417, payable to Payroll, in payment of sales salaries, $5,320, and office salaries, $3,150. Cashed the check and paid the employees. 31 Cash sales for the last half of the month are $66,052 (cost is $42,500). 31 Post to the customer and creditor accounts. Also post individual items that are not included in column totals at the end of the month to the general ledger accounts. Foot and crossfoot the journals and make the month-end postings. Required 1. Enter these transactions in a sales journal, a purchases journal, a cash receipts journal, a cash disbursements journal, or a general journal as illustrated in this chapter. Post when instructed to do so. Assume a perpetual inventory system. 2. Prepare a trial balance in the Trial Bala

Is it good to drink milk? The text is too long but worthwhile read....? "MILK" Just the word itself sounds comforting! "How about a nice cup of hot milk?" The last time you heard that question it was from someone who cared for you--and you appreciated their effort. The entire matter of food and especially that of milk is surrounded with emotional and cultural importance. Milk was our very first food. If we were fortunate it was our mother's milk. A loving link, given and taken. It was the only path to survival. If not mother's milk it was cow's milk or soy milk "formula"--rarely it was goat, camel or water buffalo milk. Now, we are a nation of milk drinkers. Nearly all of us. Infants, the young, adolescents, adults and even the aged. We drink dozens or even several hundred gallons a year and add to that many pounds of "dairy products" such as cheese, butter, and yogurt. Can there be anything wrong with this? We see reassuring images of healthy, beautiful people on our television screens and hear messages that assure us that, "Milk is good for your body." Our dieticians insist that: "You've got to have milk, or where will you get your calcium?" School lunches always include milk and nearly every hospital meal will have milk added. And if that isn't enough, our nutritionists told us for years that dairy products make up an "essential food group." Industry spokesmen made sure that colourful charts proclaiming the necessity of milk and other essential nutrients were made available at no cost for schools. Cow's milk became "normal." You may be surprised to learn that most of the human beings that live on planet Earth today do not drink or use cow's milk. Further, most of them can't drink milk because it makes them ill. There are students of human nutrition who are not supportive of milk use for adults. Here is a quotation from the March/April 1991 Utne Reader: If you really want to play it safe, you may decide to join the growing number of Americans who are eliminating dairy products from their diets altogether. Although this sounds radical to those of us weaned on milk and the five basic food groups, it is eminently viable. Indeed, of all the mammals, only humans--and then only a minority, principally Caucasians--continue to drink milk beyond babyhood. Who is right? Why the confusion? Where best to get our answers? Can we trust milk industry spokesmen? Can you trust any industry spokesmen? Are nutritionists up to date or are they simply repeating what their professors learned years ago? What about the new voices urging caution? I believe that there are three reliable sources of information. The first, and probably the best, is a study of nature. The second is to study the history of our own species. Finally we need to look at the world's scientific literature on the subject of milk. Let's look at the scientific literature first. From 1988 to 1993 there were over 2,700 articles dealing with milk recorded in the 'Medicine' archives. Fifteen hundred of theses had milk as the main focus of the article. There is no lack of scientific information on this subject. I reviewed over 500 of the 1,500 articles, discarding articles that dealt exclusively with animals, esoteric research and inconclusive studies. How would I summarize the articles? They were only slightly less than horrifying. First of all, none of the authors spoke of cow's milk as an excellent food, free of side effects and the 'perfect food' as we have been led to believe by the industry. The main focus of the published reports seems to be on intestinal colic, intestinal irritation, intestinal bleeding, anemia, allergic reactions in infants and children as well as infections such as salmonella. More ominous is the fear of viral infection with bovine leukemia virus or an AIDS-like virus as well as concern for childhood diabetes. Contamination of milk by blood and white (pus) cells as well as a variety of chemicals and insecticides was also discussed. Among children the problems were allergy, ear and tonsillar infections, bedwetting, asthma, intestinal bleeding, colic and childhood diabetes. In adults the problems seemed centered more around heart disease and arthritis, allergy, sinusitis, and the more serious questions of leukemia, lymphoma and cancer. I think that an answer can also be found in a consideration of what occurs in nature & what happens with free living mammals and what happens with human groups living in close to a natural state as 'hunter-gatherers'. Our paleolithic ancestors are another crucial and interesting group to study. Here we are limited to speculation and indirect evidences, but the bony remains available for our study are remarkable. There is no doubt whatever that these skeletal remains reflect great strength, muscularity (the size of the muscular insertions show this), and total absence of advanced osteoporosis. And if you feel that these people are not important for us to study, consider that today our genes are programming our bodies in almost exactly the same way as our ancestors of 50,000 to 100,000 years ago. WHAT IS MILK? Milk is a maternal lactating secretion, a short term nutrient for new-borns. Nothing more, nothing less. Invariably, the mother of any mammal will provide her milk for a short period of time immediately after birth. When the time comes for 'weaning', the young offspring is introduced to the proper food for that species of mammal. A familiar example is that of a puppy. The mother nurses the pup for just a few weeks and then rejects the young animal and teaches it to eat solid food. Nursing is provided by nature only for the very youngest of mammals. Of course, it is not possible for animals living in a natural state to continue with the drinking of milk after weaning. IS ALL MILK THE SAME? Then there is the matter of where we get our milk. We have settled on the cow because of its docile nature, its size, and its abundant milk supply. Somehow this choice seems 'normal' and blessed by nature, our culture, and our customs. But is it natural? Is it wise to drink the milk of another species of mammal? Consider for a moment, if it was possible, to drink the milk of a mammal other than a cow, let's say a rat. Or perhaps the milk of a dog would be more to your liking. Possibly some horse milk or cat milk. Do you get the idea? Well, I'm not serious about this, except to suggest that human milk is for human infants, dogs' milk is for pups, cows' milk is for calves, cats' milk is for kittens, and so forth. Clearly, this is the way nature intends it. Just use your own good judgement on this one. Milk is not just milk. The milk of every species of mammal is unique and specifically tailored to the requirements of that animal. For example, cows' milk is very much richer in protein than human milk. Three to four times as much. It has five to seven times the mineral content. However, it is markedly deficient in essential fatty acids when compared to human mothers' milk. Mothers' milk has six to ten times as much of the essential fatty acids, especially linoleic acid. (Incidentally, skimmed cow's milk has no linoleic acid). It simply is not designed for humans. Food is not just food, and milk is not just milk. It is not only the proper amount of food but the proper qualitative composition that is critical for the very best in health and growth. Biochemists and physiologists -and rarely medical doctors - are gradually learning that foods contain the crucial elements that allow a particular species to develop its unique specializations. Clearly, our specialization is for advanced neurological development and delicate neuromuscular control. We do not have much need of massive skeletal growth or huge muscle groups as does a calf. Think of the difference between the demands make on the human hand and the demands on a cow's hoof. Human new-borns specifically need critical material for their brains, spinal cord and nerves. Can mother's milk increase intelligence? It seems that it can. In a remarkable study published in Lancet during 1992 (Vol. 339, p. 261-4), a group of British workers randomly placed premature infants into two groups. One group received a proper formula, the other group received human breast milk. Both fluids were given by stomach tube. These children were followed up for over 10 years. In intelligence testing, the human milk children averaged 10 IQ points higher! Well, why not? Why wouldn't the correct building blocks for the rapidly maturing and growing brain have a positive effect? In the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (1982) Ralph Holman described an infant who developed profound neurological disease while being nourished by intravenous fluids only. The fluids used contained only linoleic acid - just one of the essential fatty acids. When the other, alpha linoleic acid, was added to the intravenous fluids the neurological disorders cleared. In the same journal five years later Bjerve, Mostad and Thoresen, working in Norway found exactly the same problem in adult patients on long term gastric tube feeding. In 1930 Dr. G.O. Burr in Minnesota working with rats found that linoleic acid deficiencies created a deficiency syndrome. Why is this mentioned? In the early 1960s pediatricians found skin lesions in children fed formulas without the same linoleic acid. Remembering the research, the addition of the acid to the formula cured the problem. Essential fatty acids are just that and cows' milk is markedly deficient in these when compared to human milk. WELL, AT LEAST COW'S MILK IS PURE Or is it? Fifty years ago an average cow produced 2,000 pounds of milk per year. Today the top producers give 50,000 pounds! How was this accomplished? Drugs, antibiotics, hormones, forced feeding plans and specialized breeding; that's how. The latest high-tech onslaught on the poor cow is bovine growth hormone or BGH. This genetically engineered drug is supposed to stimulate milk production but, according to Monsanto, the hormone's manufacturer, does not affect the milk or meat. There are three other manufacturers: Upjohn, Eli Lilly, and American Cyanamid Company. Obviously, there have been no long-term studies on the hormone's effect on the humans drinking the milk. Other countries have banned BGH because of safety concerns. One of the problems with adding molecules to a milk cows' body is that the molecules usually come out in the milk. I don't know how you feel, but I don't want to experiment with the ingestion of a growth hormone. A related problem is that it causes a marked increase (50 to 70 per cent) in mastitis. This, then, requires antibiotic therapy, and the residues of the antibiotics appear in the milk. It seems that the public is uneasy about this product and in one survey 43 per cent felt that growth hormone treated milk represented a health risk. A vice president for public policy at Monsanto was opposed to labelling for that reason, and because the labelling would create an 'artificial distinction'. The country is awash with milk as it is, we produce more milk than we can consume. Let's not create storage costs and further taxpayer burdens, because the law requires the USDA to buy any surplus of butter, cheese, or non-fat dry milk at a support price set by Congress! In fiscal 1991, the USDA spent $757 million on surplus butter, and one billion dollars a year on average for price supports during the 1980s (Consumer Reports, May 1992: 330-32). Any lactating mammal excretes toxins through her milk. This includes antibiotics, pesticides, chemicals and hormones. Also, all cows' milk contains blood! The inspectors are simply asked to keep it under certain limits. You may be horrified to learn that the USDA allows milk to contain from one to one and a half million white blood cells per millilitre. (That's only 1/30 of an ounce). If you don't already know this, I'm sorry to tell you that another way to describe white cells where they don't belong would be to call them pus cells. To get to the point, is milk pure or is it a chemical, biological, and bacterial cocktail? Finally, will the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) protect you? The United States General Accounting Office (GAO) tells us that the FDA and the individual States are failing to protect the public from drug residues in milk. Authorities test for only 4 of the 82 drugs in dairy cows. As you can imagine, the Milk Industry Foundation's spokesman claims it's perfectly safe. Jerome Kozak says, "I still think that milk is the safest product we have." Other, perhaps less biased observers, have found the following: 38% of milk samples in 10 cities were contaminated with sulfa drugs or other antibiotics. (This from the Centre for Science in the Public Interest and The Wall Street Journal, Dec. 29, 1989).. A similar study in Washington, DC found a 20 percent contamination rate (Nutrition Action Healthletter, April 1990). What's going on here? When the FDA tested milk, they found few problems. However, they used very lax standards. When they used the same criteria, the FDA data showed 51 percent of the milk samples showed drug traces. Let's focus in on this because it’s critical to our understanding of the apparent discrepancies. The FDA uses a disk-assay method that can detect only 2 of the 30 or so drugs found in milk. Also, the test detects only at the relatively high level. A more powerful test called the 'Charm II test' can detect drugs down to 5 parts per billion. One nasty subject must be discussed. It seems that cows are forever getting infections around the udder that require ointments and antibiotics. An article from France tells us that when a cow receives penicillin, that penicillin appears in the milk for from 4 to 7 milkings. Another study from the University of Nevada, Reno tells of cells in 'mastic milk', milk from cows with infected udders. An elaborate analysis of the cell fragments, employing cell cultures, flow cytometric analysis , and a great deal of high tech stuff. Do you know what the conclusion was? If the cow has mastitis, there is pus in the milk. Sorry, it’s in the study, all concealed with language such as "macrophages containing many vacuoles and phagocytosed particles," etc. IT GETS WORSE Well, at least human mothers' milk is pure! Sorry. A huge study showed that human breast milk in over 14,000 women had contamination by pesticides! Further, it seems that the sources of the pesticides are meat and--you guessed it-- dairy products. Well, why not? These pesticides are concentrated in fat and that's what's in these products. (Of interest, a subgroup of lactating vegetarian mothers had only half the levels of contamination). A recent report showed an increased concentration of pesticides in the breast tissue of women with breast cancer when compared to the tissue of women with fibrocystic disease. Other articles in the standard medical literature describe problems. Just scan these titles: 1.Cow's Milk as a Cause of Infantile Colic Breast-Fed Infants. Lancet 2 (1978): 437 2.Dietary Protein-Induced Colitis in Breast- Fed Infants, J. Pediatr. I01 (1982): 906 3.The Question of the Elimination of Foreign Protein in Women's Milk, J. Immunology 19 (1930): 15 There are many others. There are dozens of studies describing the prompt appearance of cows' milk allergy in children being exclusively breast-fed! The cows' milk allergens simply appear in the mother's milk and are transmitted to the infant. A committee on nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics reported on the use of whole cows' milk in infancy (Pediatrics 1983: 72-253). They were unable to provide any cogent reason why bovine milk should be used before the first birthday yet continued to recommend its use! Doctor Frank Oski from the Upstate Medical Centre Department of Pediatrics, commenting on the recommendation, cited the problems of acute gastrointestinal blood loss in infants, the lack of iron, recurrent abdominal pain, milk- borne infections and contaminants, and said: Why give it at all - then or ever? In the face of uncertainty about many of the potential dangers of whole bovine milk, it would seem prudent to recommend that whole milk not be started until the answers are available. Isn't it time for these uncontrolled experiments on human nutrition to come to an end? In the same issue of Pediatrics he further commented: It is my thesis that whole milk should not be fed to the infant in the first year of life because of its association with iron deficiency anemia (milk is so deficient in iron that an infant would have to drink an impossible 31 quarts a day to get the RDA of 15 mg), acute gastrointiestinal bleeding, and various manifestations of food allergy. I suggest that unmodified whole bovine milk should not be consumed after infancy because of the problems of lactose intolerance, its contribution to the genesis of atherosclerosis, and its possible link to other diseases. In late 1992 Dr. Benjamin Spock, possibly the best known pediatrician in history, shocked the country when he articulated the same thoughts and specified avoidance for the first two years of life. Here is his quotation: I want to pass on the word to parents that cows' milk from the carton has definite faults for some babies. Human milk is the right one for babies. A study comparing the incidence of allergy and colic in the breast-fed infants of omnivorous and vegan mothers would be important. I haven't found such a study; it would be both important and inexpensive. And it will probably never be done. There is simply no academic or economic profit involved. OTHER PROBLEMS Let's just mention the problems of bacterial contamination. Salmonella, E. coli, and staphylococcal infections can be traced to milk. In the old days tuberculosis was a major problem and some folks want to go back to those times by insisting on raw milk on the basis that it's "natural." This is insanity! A study from UCLA showed that over a third of all cases of salmonella infection in California, 1980-1983 were traced to raw milk. That'll be a way to revive good old brucellosis again and I would fear leukemia, too. (More about that later). In England, and Wales where raw milk is still consumed there have been outbreaks of milk-borne diseases. The Journal of the American Medical Association (251: 483, 1984) reported a multi-state series of infections caused by Yersinia enterocolitica in pasteurised whole milk. This is despite safety precautions. All parents dread juvenile diabetes for their children. A Canadian study reported in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Mar. 1990, describes a "...significant positive correlation between consumption of unfermented milk protein and incidence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in data from various countries. Conversely a possible negative relationship is observed between breast-feeding at age 3 months and diabetes risk.". Another study from Finland found that diabetic children had higher levels of serum antibodies to cows’ milk (Diabetes Research 7(3): 137-140 March 1988). Here is a quotation from this study: We infer that either the pattern of cows' milk consumption is altered in children who will have insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or, their immunological reactivity to proteins in cows' milk is enhanced, or the permeability of their intestines to cows' milk protein is higher than normal. The April 18, 1992 British Medical Journal has a fascinating study contrasting the difference in incidence of juvenile insulin dependent diabetes in Pakistani children who have migrated to England. The incidence is roughly 10 times greater in the English group compared to children remaining in Pakistan! What caused this highly significant increase? The authors said that "the diet was unchanged in Great Britain." Do you believe that? Do you think that the availability of milk, sugar and fat is the same in Pakistan as it is in England? That a grocery store in England has the same products as food sources in Pakistan? I don't believe that for a minute. Remember, we're not talking here about adult onset, type II diabetes which all workers agree is strongly linked to diet as well as to a genetic predisposition. This study is a major blow to the "it's all in your genes" crowd. Type I diabetes was always considered to be genetic or possibly viral, but now this? So resistant are we to consider diet as causation that the authors of the last article concluded that the cooler climate in England altered viruses and caused the very real increase in diabetes! The first two authors had the same reluctance top admit the obvious. The milk just may have had something to do with the disease. The latest in this remarkable list of reports, a New England Journal of Medicine article (July 30, 1992), also reported in the Los Angeles Times. This study comes from the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto and from Finnish researchers. In Finland there is "...the world's highest rate of dairy product consumption and the world's highest rate of insulin dependent diabetes. The disease strikes about 40 children out of every 1,000 there contrasted with six to eight per 1,000 in the United States.... Antibodies produced against the milk protein during the first year of life, the researchers speculate, also attack and destroy the pancreas in a so-called auto-immune reaction, producing diabetes in people whose genetic makeup leaves them vulnerable." "...142 Finnish children with newly diagnosed diabetes. They found that every one had at least eight times as many antibodies against the milk protein as did healthy children, clear evidence that the children had a raging auto immune disorder." The team has now expanded the study to 400 children and is starting a trial where 3,000 children will receive no dairy products during the first nine months of life. "The study may take 10 years, but we'll get a definitive answer one way or the other," according to one of the researchers. I would caution them to be certain that the breast feeding mothers use on cows' milk in their diets or the results will be confounded by the transmission of the cows' milk protein in the mother's breast milk.... Now what was the reaction from the diabetes association? This is very interesting! Dr. F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, the president of the association says: "It does not mean that children should stop drinking milk or that parents of diabetics should withdraw dairy products. These are rich sources of good protein." (Emphasis added) My God, it's the "good protein" that causes the problem! Do you suspect that the dairy industry may have helped the American Diabetes Association in the past? LEUKEMIA? LYMPHOMA? THIS MAY BE THE WORST--BRACE YOURSELF! I hate to tell you this, but the bovine leukemia virus is found in more than three of five dairy cows in the United States! This involves about 80% of dairy herds. Unfortunately, when the milk is pooled, a very large percentage of all milk produced is contaminated (90 to 95 per cent). Of course the virus is killed in pasteurisation-- if the pasteurisation was done correctly. What if the milk is raw? In a study of randomly collected raw milk samples the bovine leukemia virus was recovered from two-thirds. I sincerely hope that the raw milk dairy herds are carefully monitored when compared to the regular herds. (Science 1981; 213:1014). This is a world-wide problem. One lengthy study from Germany deplored the problem and admitted the impossibility of keeping the virus from infected cows' milk from the rest of the milk. Several European countries, including Germany and Switzerland, have attempted to "cull" the infected cows from their herds. Certainly the United States must be the leader in the fight against leukemic dairy cows, right? Wrong! We are the worst in the world with the former exception of Venezuela according to Virgil Hulse MD, a milk specialist who also has a B.S. in Dairy Manufacturing as well as a Master's degree in Public Health. As mentioned, the leukemia virus is rendered inactive by pasteurisation. Of course. However, there can be Chernobyl like accidents. One of these occurred in the Chicago area in April, 1985. At a modern, large, milk processing plant an accidental "cross connection" between raw and pasteurized milk occurred. A violent salmonella outbreak followed, killing 4 and making an estimated 150,000 ill. Now the question I would pose to the dairy industry people is this: "How can you assure the people who drank this milk that they were not exposed to the ingestion of raw, unkilled, bully active bovine leukemia viruses?" Further, it would be fascinating to know if a "cluster" of leukemia cases blossoms in that area in 1 to 3 decades. There are reports of "leukemia clusters" elsewhere, one of them mentioned in the June 10, 1990 San Francisco Chronicle involving Northern California. What happens to other species of mammals when they are exposed to the bovine leukemia virus? It's a fair question and the answer is not reassuring. Virtually all animals exposed to the virus develop leukemia. This includes sheep, goats, and even primates such as rhesus monkeys and chimpanzees. The route of transmission includes ingestion (both intravenous and intramuscular) and cells present in milk. There are obviously no instances of transfer attempts to human beings, but we know that the virus can infect human cells in vitro. There is evidence of human antibody formation to the bovine leukemia virus; this is disturbing. How did the bovine leukemia virus particles gain access to humans and become antigens? Was it as small, denatured particles? If the bovine leukemia viruses causes human leukemia, we could expect the dairy states with known leukemic herds to have a higher incidence of human leukemia. Is this so? Unfortunately, it seems to be the case! Iowa, Nebraska, South Dakota, Minnesota and Wisconsin have statistically higher incidence of leukemia than the national average. In Russia and in Sweden, areas with uncontrolled bovine leukemia virus have been linked with increases in human leukemia. I am also told that veterinarians have higher rates of leukemia than the general public. Dairy farmers have significantly elevated leukemia rates. Recent research shows lymphocytes from milk fed to neonatal mammals gains access to bodily tissues by passing directly through the intestinal wall. An optimistic note from the University of Illinois, Ubana from the Department of Animal Sciences shows the importance of one's perspective. Since they are concerned with the economics of milk and not primarily the health aspects, they noted that the production of milk was greater in the cows with the bovine leukemia virus. However when the leukemia produced a persistent and significant lymphocytosis (increased white blood cell count), the production fell off. They suggested "a need to re-evaluate the economic impact of bovine leukemia virus infection on the dairy industry". Does this mean that leukemia is good for profits only if we can keep it under control? You can get the details on this business concern from Proc. Nat. Acad. Sciences, U.S. Feb. 1989. I added emphasis and am insulted that a university department feels that this is an economic and not a human health issue. Do not expect help from the Department of Agriculture or the universities. The money stakes and the political pressures are too great. You're on you own. What does this all mean? We know that virus is capable of producing leukemia in other animals. Is it proven that it can contribute to human leukemia (or lymphoma, a related cancer)? Several articles tackle this one: 1.Epidemiologic Relationships of the Bovine Population and Human Leukemia in Iowa. Am Journal of Epidemiology 112 (1980):80 2.Milk of Dairy Cows Frequently Contains a Leukemogenic Virus. Science 213 (1981): 1014 3.Beware of the Cow. (Editorial) Lancet 2 (1974):30 4.Is Bovine Milk A Health Hazard?. Pediatrics; Suppl. Feeding the Normal Infant. 75:182-186; 1985 In Norway, 1422 individuals were followed for 11 and a half years. Those drinking 2 or more glasses of milk per day had 3.5 times the incidence of cancer of the lymphatic organs. British Med. Journal 61:456-9, March 1990. One of the more thoughtful articles on this subject is from Allan S. Cunningham of Cooperstown, New York. Writing in the Lancet, November 27, 1976 (page 1184), his article is entitled, "Lymphomas and Animal-Protein Consumption". Many people think of milk as “liquid meat” and Dr. Cunningham agrees with this. He tracked the beef and dairy consumption in terms of grams per day for a one year period, 1955-1956., in 15 countries . New Zealand, United States and Canada were highest in that order. The lowest was Japan followed by Yugoslavia and France. The difference between the highest and lowest was quite pronounced: 43.8 grams/day for New Zealanders versus 1.5 for Japan. Nearly a 30-fold difference! (Parenthetically, the last 36 years have seen a startling increase in the amount of beef and milk used in Japan and their disease patterns are reflecting this, confirming the lack of 'genetic protection' seen in migration studies. Formerly the increase in frequency of lymphomas in Japanese people was only in those who moved to the USA)! An interesting bit of trivia is to note the memorial built at the Gyokusenji Temple in Shimoda, Japan. This marked the spot where the first cow was killed in Japan for human consumption! The chains around this memorial were a gift from the US Navy. Where do you suppose the Japanese got the idea to eat beef? The year? 1930. Cunningham found a highly significant positive correlation between deaths from lymphomas and beef and dairy ingestion in the 15 countries analysed. A few quotations from his article follow: The average intake of protein in many countries is far in excess of the recommended requirements. Excessive consumption of animal protein may be one co-factor in the causation of lymphomas by acting in the following manner. Ingestion of certain proteins results in the adsorption of antigenic fragments through the gastrointestinal mucous membrane. This results in chronic stimulation of lymphoid tissue to which these fragments gain access "Chronic immunological stimulation causes lymphomas in laboratory animals and is believed to cause lymphoid cancers in men." The gastrointestinal mucous membrane is only a partial barrier to the absorption of food antigens, and circulating antibodies to food protein is commonplace especially potent lymphoid stimulants. Ingestion of cows' milk can produce generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and profound adenoid hypertrophy. It has been conservatively estimated that more than 100 distinct antigens are released by the normal digestion of cows' milk which evoke production of all antibody classes [This may explain why pasteurized, killed viruses are still antigenic and can still cause disease. Here's more. A large prospective study from Norway was reported in the British Journal of Cancer 61 (3):456-9, March 1990. (Almost 16,000 individuals were followed for 11 and a half years). For most cancers there was no association between the tumour and milk ingestion. However, in lymphoma, there was a strong positive association. If one drank two glasses or more daily (or the equivalent in dairy products), the odds were 3.4 times greater than in persons drinking less than one glass of developing a lymphoma. There are two other cow-related diseases that you should be aware of. At this time they are not known to be spread by the use of dairy products and are not known to involve man. The first is bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and the second is the bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV). The first of these diseases, we hope, is confined to England and causes cavities in the animal's brain. Sheep have long been known to suffer from a disease called scrapie. It seems to have been started by the feeding of contaminated sheep parts, especially brains, to the British cows. Now, use your good sense. Do cows seem like carnivores? Should they eat meat? This profit-motivated practice backfired and bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or Mad Cow Disease, swept Britain. The disease literally causes dementia in the unfortunate animal and is 100 per cent incurable. To date, over 100,000 cows have been incinerated in England in keeping with British law. Four hundred to 500 cows are reported as infected each month. The British public is concerned and has dropped its beef consumption by 25 per cent, while some 2,000 schools have stopped serving beef to children. Several farmers have developed a fatal disease syndrome that resembles both BSE and CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob- Disease). But the British Veterinary Association says that transmission of BSE to humans is "remote." The USDA agrees that the British epidemic was due to the feeding of cattle with bonemeal or animal protein produced at rendering plants from the carcasses of scrapie-infected sheep. The have prohibited the importation of live cattle and zoo ruminants from Great Britain and claim that the disease does not exist in the United States. However, there may be a problem. "Downer cows" are animals who arrive at auction yards or slaughter houses dead, trampled, lacerated, dehydrated, or too ill from viral or bacterial diseases to walk. Thus they are "down." If they cannot respond to electrical shocks by walking, they are dragged by chains to dumpsters and transported to rendering plants where, if they are not already dead, they are killed. Even a "humane" death is usually denied them. They are then turned into protein food for animals as well as other preparations. Minks that have been fed this protein have developed a fatal encephalopathy that has some resemblance to BSE. Entire colonies of minks have been lost in this manner, particularly in Wisconsin. It is feared that the infective agent is a prion or slow virus possible obtained from the ill "downer cows." The British Medical Journal in an editorial whimsically entitled "How Now Mad Cow?" (BMJ vol. 304, 11 Apr. 1992:929- 30) describes cases of BSE in species not previously known to be affected, such as cats. They admit that produce contaminated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy entered the human food chain in England between 1986 and 1989. They say. "The result of this experiment is awaited." As the incubation period can be up to three decades, wait we must. The immunodeficency virus is seen in cattle in the United States and is more worrisome. Its structure is closely related to that of the human AIDS virus. At this time we do not know if exposure to the raw BIV proteins can cause the sera of humans to become positive for HIV. The extent of the virus among American herds is said to be "widespread". (The USDA refuses to inspect the meat and milk to see if antibodies to this retrovirus is present). It also has no plans to quarantine the infected animals. As in the case of humans with AIDS, there is no cure for BIV in cows. Each day we consume beef and diary products from cows infected with these viruses and no scientific assurance exists that the products are safe. Eating raw beef (as in steak Tartare) strikes me as being very risky, especially after the Seattle E. coli deaths of 1993. A report in the Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, October 1992, Vol. 56 pp.353-359 and another from the Russian literature, tell of a horrifying development. They report the first detection in human serum of the antibody to a bovine immunodeficiency virus protein. In addition to this disturbing report, is another from Russia telling us of the presence of virus proteins related to the bovine leukemia virus in 5 of 89 women with breast disease (Acta Virologica Feb. 1990 34(1): 19-26). The implications of these developments are unknown at present. However, it is safe to assume that these animal viruses are unlikely to "stay" in the animal kingdom. OTHER CANCERS--DOES IT GET WORSE? Unfortunately it does. Ovarian cancer--a particularly nasty tumour--was associated with milk consumption by workers at Roswell Park Memorial Institute in Buffalo, New York. Drinking more than one glass of whole milk or equivalent daily gave a woman a 3.1 times risk over non-milk users. They felt that the reduced fat milk products helped reduce the risk. This association has been made repeatedly by numerous investigators. Another important study, this from the Harvard Medical School, analyzed data from 27 countries mainly from the 1970s. Again a significant positive correlation is revealed between ovarian cancer and per capita milk consumption. These investigators feel that the lactose component of milk is the responsible fraction, and the digestion of this is facilitated by the persistence of the ability to digest the lactose (lactose persistence) - a little different emphasis, but the same conclusion. This study was reported in the American Journal of Epidemiology 130 (5): 904-10 Nov. 1989. These articles come from two of the country's leading institutions, not the Rodale Press or Prevention Magazine. Even lung cancer has been associated with milk ingestion? The beverage habits of 569 lung cancer patients and 569 controls again at Roswell Park were studied in the International Journal of Cancer, April 15, 1989. Persons drinking whole milk 3 or more times daily had a 2-fold increase in lung cancer risk when compared to those never drinking whole milk. For many years we have been watching the lung cancer rates for Japanese men who smoke far more than American or European men but who develop fewer lung cancers. Workers in this research area feel that the total fat intake is the difference. There are not many reports studying an association between milk ingestion and prostate cancer. One such report though was of great interest. This is from the Roswell Park Memorial Institute and is found in Cancer 64 (3): 605-12, 1989. They analyzed the diets of 371 prostate cancer patients and comparable control subjects: Men who reported drinking three or more glasses of whole milk daily had a relative risk of 2.49 compared with men who reported never drinking whole milk the weight of the evidence appears to favour the hypothesis that animal fat is related to increased risk of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is now the most common cancer diagnosed in US men and is the second leading cause of cancer mortality. WELL, WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS? Is there any health reason at all for an adult human to drink cows' milk? It's hard for me to come up with even one good reason other than simple preference. But if you try hard, in my opinion, these would be the best two: milk is a source of calcium and it's a source of amino acids (proteins). Let's look at the calcium first. Why are we concerned at all about calcium? Obviously, we intend it to build strong bones and protect us against osteoporosis. And no doubt about it, milk is loaded with calcium. But is it a good calcium source for humans? I think not. These are the reasons. Excessive amounts of dairy products actually interfere with calcium absorption. Secondly, the excess of protein that the milk provides is a major cause of the osteoporosis problem. Dr. H egsted in England has been writing for years about the geographical distribution of osteoporosis. It seems that the countries with the highest intake of dairy products are invariably the countries with the most osteoporosis. He feels that milk is a cause of osteoporosis. Reasons to be given below. Numerous studies have shown that the level of calcium ingestion and especially calcium supplementation has no effect whatever on the development of osteoporosis. The most important such article appeared recently in the British Journal of Medicine where the long arm of our dairy industry can't reach. Another study in the United States actually showed a worsening in calcium balance in post-menopausal women given three 8-ounce glasses of cows' milk per day. (Am. Journal of Clin. Nutrition, 1985). The effects of hormone, gender, weight bearing on the axial bones, and in particular protein intake, are critically important. Another observation that may be helpful to our analysis is to note the absence of any recorded dietary deficiencies of calcium among people living on a natural diet without milk. For the key to the osteoporosis riddle, don’t look at calcium, look at protein. Consider these two contrasting groups. Eskimos have an exceptionally high protein intake estimated at 25 percent of total calories. They also have a high calcium intake at 2,500 mg/day. Their osteoporosis is among the worst in the world. The other instructive group are the Bantus of South Africa. They have a 12 percent protein diet, mostly p lant protein, and only 200 to 350 mg/day of calcium, about half our women's intake. The women have virtually no osteoporosis despite bearing six or more children and nursing them for prolonged periods! When African women immigrate to the United States, do they develop osteoporosis? The answer is yes, but not quite are much as Caucasian or Asian women. Thus, there is a genetic difference that is modified by diet. To answer the obvious question, "Well, where do you get your calcium?" The answer is: "From exactly the same place the cow gets the calcium, from green things that grow in the ground," mainly from leafy vegetables. After all, elephants and rhinos develop their huge bones (after being weaned) by eating green leafy plants, so do horses. Carnivorous animals also do quite nicely without leafy plants. It seems that all of earth's mammals do well if they live in harmony with their genetic programming and natural food. Only humans living an affluent life style have rampant osteoporosis. If animal references do not convince you, think of the several billion humans on this earth who have never seen cows' milk. Wouldn't you think osteoporosis would be prevalent in this huge group? The dairy people would suggest this but the truth is exactly the opposite. They have far less than that seen in the countries where dairy products are commonly consumed. It is the subject of another paper, but the truly significant determinants of osteoporosis are grossly excessive protein intakes and lack of weight bearing on long bones, both taking place over decades. Hormones play a secondary, but not trivial role in women. Milk is a deterrent to good bone health. THE PROTEIN MYTH Remember when you were a kid and the adults all told you to "make sure you get plenty of good protein". Protein was the nutritional "good guy”" when I was young. And of course milk is fitted right in. As regards protein, milk is indeed a rich source of protein- -"liquid meat," remember? However that isn't necessarily what we need. In actual fact it is a source of difficulty. Nearly all Americans eat too much protein. For this information we rely on the most authoritative source that I am aware of. This is the latest edition (1oth, 1989: 4th printing, Jan. 1992) of the Recommended Dietary Allowances produced by the National Research Council. Of interest, the current editor of this important work is Dr. Richard Havel of the University of California in San Francisco. First to be noted is that the recommended protein has been steadily revised downward in successive editions. The current recommendation is 0.75 g/kilo/day for adults 19 through 51 years. This, of course, is only 45 grams per day for the mythical 60 kilogram adult. You should also know that the WHO estimated the need for protein in adults to by .6g/kilo per day. (All RDA's are calculated with large safety allowances in case you're the type that wants to add some more to "be sure.") You can "get by" on 28 to 30 grams a day if necessary! Now 45 grams a day is a tiny amount of protein. That's an ounce and a half! Consider too, that the protein does not have to be animal protein. Vegetable protein is identical for all practical purposes and has no cholesterol and vastly less saturated fat. (Do not be misled by the antiquated belief that plant proteins must be carefully balanced to avoid deficiencies. This is not a realistic concern.) Therefore virtually all Americans, Canadians, British and European people are in a protein overloaded state. This has serious consequences when maintained over decades. The problems are the already mentioned osteoporosis, atherosclerosis and kidney damage. There is good evidence that certain malignancies, chiefly colon and rectal, are related to excessive meat intake. Barry Brenner, an eminent renal physiologist was the first to fully point out the dangers of excess protein for the kidney tubule. The dangers of the fat and cholesterol are known to all. Finally, you should know that the protein content of human milk is amount the lowest (0.9%) in mammals. IS THAT ALL OF THE TROUBLE? Sorry, there's more. Remember lactose? This is the principal carbohydrate of milk. It seems that nature provides new- borns with the enzymatic equipment to metabolize lactose, but this ability often extinguishes by age 4 or 5 years. What is the problem with lactose or milk sugar? It seems that it is a disaccharide which is too large to be absorbed into the blood stream without first being broken down into monosaccharides, namely galactose and glucose. This requires the presence of an enzyme, lactase plus additional enzymes to break down the galactose into glucose. Let's think about his for a moment. Nature gives us the ability to metabolize lactose for a few years and then shuts off the mechanism. Is Mother Nature trying to tell us something? Clearly all infants must drink milk. The fact that so many adults cannot seems to be related to the tendency for nature to abandon mechanisms that are not needed. At least half of the adult humans on this earth are lactose intolerant. It was not until the relatively recent introduction of dairy herding and the ability to "borrow" milk from another group of mammals that the survival advantage of preserving lactase (the enzyme that allows us to digest lactose) became evident. But why would it be advantageous to drink cows' milk? After all, most of the human beings in the history of the world did. And further, why was it just the white or light skinned humans who retained this knack while the pigmented people tended to lose it? Some students of evolution feel that white skin is a fairly recent innovation, perhaps not more than 20,000 or 30,000 years old. It clearly has to do with the Northward migration of early man to cold and relatively sunless areas when skins and clothing became available. Fair skin allows the production of Vitamin D from sunlight more readily than does dark skin. However, when only the face was exposed to sunlight that area of fair skin was insufficient to provide the vitamin D from sunlight. If dietary and sunlight sources were poorly available, the ability to use the abundant calcium in cows' milk would give a survival advantage to humans who could digest that milk. This seems to be the only logical explanation for fair skinned humans having a high degree of lactose tolerance when compared to dark skinned people. How does this break down? Certain racial groups, namely blacks are up to 90% lactose intolerant as adults. Caucasians are 20 to 40% lactose intolerant. Orientals are midway between the above two groups. Diarrhea, gas and abdominal cramps are the results of substantial milk intake in such persons. Most American Indians cannot tolerate milk. The milk industry admits that lactose intolerance plays intestinal havoc with as many as 50 million Americans. A lactose-intolerance industry has sprung up and had sales of $117 million in 1992 (Time May 17, 1993.) What if you are lactose-intolerant and lust after dairy products? Is all lost? Not at all. It seems that lactose is largely digested by bacteria and you will be able to enjoy your cheese despite lactose intolerance. Yogurt is similar in this respect. Finally, and I could never have dreamed this up, geneticists want to splice genes to alter the composition of milk (Am J Clin Nutr 1993 Suppl 302s). One could quibble and say that milk is totally devoid of fiber content and that its habitual use will predispose to constipation and bowel disorders. The association with anemia and occult intestinal bleeding in infants is known to all physicians. This is chiefly from its lack of iron and its irritating qualities for the intestinal mucosa. The pediatric literature abounds with articles describing irritated intestinal lining, bleeding, increased permeability as well as colic, diarrhea and vomiting in cows'milk-sensitive babies. The anemia gets a double push by loss of blood and iron as well as deficiency of iron in the cows' milk. Milk is also the leading cause of childhood allergy. LOW FAT One additional topic: the matter of "low fat" milk. A common and sincere question is: "Well, low fat milk is OK, isn't it?" The answer to this question is that low fat milk isn't low fat. The term "low fat" is a marketing term used to gull the public. Low fat milk contains from 24 to 33% fat as calories! The 2% figure is also misleading. This refers to weight. They don't tell you that, by weight, the milk is 87% water! "Well, then, kill-joy surely you must approve of non-fat milk!" I hear this quite a bit. (Another constant concern is: "What do you put on your cereal?") True, there is little or no fat, but now you have a relative overburden of protein and lactose. It there is something that we do not need more of it is another simple sugar-lactose, composed of galactose and glucose. Millions of Americans are lactose intolerant to boot, as noted. As for protein, as stated earlier, we live in a society that routinely ingests far more protein than we need. It is a burden for our bodies, especially the kidneys, and a prominent cause of osteoporosis. Concerning the dry cereal issue, I would suggest soy milk, rice milk or almond milk as a healthy substitute. If you're still concerned about calcium, "Westsoy" is formulated to have the same calcium concentration as milk. SUMMARY To my thinking, there is only one valid reason to drink milk or use milk products. That is just because we simply want to. Because we like it and because it has become a part of our culture. Because we have become accustomed to its taste and texture. Because we like the way it slides down our throat. Because our parents did the very best they could for us and provided milk in our earliest training and conditioning. They taught us to like it. And then probably the very best reason is ice cream! I've heard it described "to die for". I had one patient who did exactly that. He had no obvious vices. He didn't smoke or drink, he didn’t eat meat, his diet and lifestyle was nearly a perfectly health promoting one; but he had a passion. You guessed it, he loved rich ice cream. A pint of the richest would be a lean day's ration for him. On many occasions he would eat an entire quart - and yes there were some cookies and other pastries. Good ice cream deserves this after all. He seemed to be in good health despite some expected "middle age spread" when he had a devastating stroke which left him paralyzed, miserable and helpless, and he had additional strokes and d ied several years later never having left a hospital or rehabilitation unit. Was he old? I don't think so. He was in his 50s. So don't drink milk for health. I am convinced on the weight of the scientific evidence that it does not "do a body good." Inclusion of milk will only reduce your diet's nutritional value and safety. Most of the people on this planet live very healthfully without cows' milk. You can too. It will be difficult to change; we've been conditioned since childhood to think of milk as "nature's most perfect food." I'll guarantee you that it will be safe, improve your health and it won't cost anything. What can you lose? es esta pagina link http://notmilk.com/kradjian.html The most important information dissemination my. Not that, but I can make your text too long jajaja. If I write bad is that I am leading a translator jaja

Can someone give me exercising advice? I would like to include exercise in my daily lifestyle. I don't have time or money to join a gym or hire a personal trainer. I see a lot of exercises in magazines and on videos, but I'm afraid I don't do them correctly. Is it harmful if I do some exercises incorrectly, such as point my toes the wrong way or not bend correctly? I just started jumping rope and walking, but should I be doing more? I would like some overall toning and the health benefits that go along with daily exercise.

What are alternative products if you are allergic to contacts? i wore contacts for roughly 6 months prior to developing an allergic reaction to them. my symptoms included bloodshot eyes, itchy eyes (after taking them off), also they became extremely uncomfortable after wearing them for more then 30 min. My optomitrist also said i developed bumps underneath my eyelids, due to the allergic reactions. i have tried daily, weekly, and monthly disposables. NONE work. are there other products that will not cause such an allergic reaction?

help i have no idea wat this means some body explain in short text 10 points best answer in plain explantion? Overview Instant messaging (IM) and chat are technologies that facilitate near real-time text based communication between two or more participants over a network. It is important to understand that what separates chat and instant messaging from technologies such as e-mail is the perceived synchronicity of the communication by the user - Chat happens in real-time before your eyes. For this reason, some people consider communication via instant messaging to be less intrusive than communication via phone. However, some systems allow the sending of messages to people not currently logged on (offline messages), thus removing much of the difference between Instant Messaging and e-mail. Instant Messaging allows instantaneous communication between a number of parties simultaneously, by transmitting information quickly. Some IM systems allow users to use webcams and Microphone which made them more popular than others. Due to this feature users can have a real-time conversation. In addition IM has additional features such as: the immediate receipt of acknowledgment or reply, group chatting, conference services (including voice and video), conversation logging and file transfer. IM allows effective and efficient communication, featuring immediate receipt of acknowledgment or reply. In certain cases Instant Messaging involves additional features, which make it even more popular, i.e. to see the other party, e.g. by using web-cams, or to talk directly for free over the Internet. It is possible to save a conversation for later reference. Instant messages are typically logged in a local message history which closes the gap to the persistent nature of e-mails and facilitates quick exchange of information like URLs or document snippets (which can be unwieldy when communicated via telephone). [edit] History In early instant messaging programs each character appeared when it was typed. The UNIX "talk" command shown in these screenshots was popular in the 1980s and early 1990s.Instant messaging actually predates the Internet, first appearing on multi-user operating systems like CTSS and Multics[1] in the mid-1960s. Initially, many of these systems, such as CTSS'.SAVED, were used as notification systems for services like printing, but quickly were used to facilitate communication with other users logged in to the same machine. As networks developed, the protocols spread with the networks. Some of these used a peer-to-peer protocol (eg talk, ntalk and ytalk), while others required peers to connect to a server (see talker and IRC). During the Bulletin board system (BBS) phenomenon that peaked during the 1980s, some systems incorporated chat features which were similar to instant messaging; Freelancin'_Roundtable was one prime example. In the last half of the 1980s and into the early 1990s, the Quantum Link online service for Commodore 64 computers offered user-to-user messages between currently connected customers which they called "On-Line Messages" (or OLM for short). Quantum Link's better known later incarnation, America Online, offers a similar product under the name "AOL Instant Messages" (AIM). While the Quantum Link service ran on a Commodore 64, using only the Commodore's PETSCII text-graphics, the screen was visually divided up into sections and OLMs would appear as a yellow bar saying "Message From:" and the name of the sender along with the message across the top of whatever the user was already doing, and presented a list of options for responding.[2] As such, it could be considered a sort of GUI, albeit much more primitive than the later Unix, Windows and Macintosh based GUI IM programs. OLMs were what Q-Link called "Plus Services" meaning they charged an extra per-minute fee on top of the monthly Q-Link access costs. Modern, Internet-wide, GUI-based messaging clients, as they are known today, began to take off in the mid 1990s with ICQ (1996) being the first, followed by AOL Instant Messenger (AOL Instant Messenger, 1997). AOL later acquired Mirabilis, the creators of ICQ. A few years later ICQ (by now owned by AOL) was awarded two patents for instant messaging by the U.S. patent office. Meanwhile, other companies developed their own applications (Excite, MSN, Ubique, and Yahoo), each with its own proprietary protocol and client; users therefore had to run multiple client applications if they wished to use more than one of these networks. In 1998 IBM released IBM Lotus Sametime, a product based on technology acquired when IBM bought Haifa-based Ubique and Lexington-based Databeam. In 2000, an open source application and open standards-based protocol called Jabber was launched. Jabber servers could act as gateways to other IM protocols, reducing the need to run multiple clients. Multi-protocol clients such as Digsby,Pidgin, Trillian, Adium and Miranda can use any of the popular IM protocols by using additional local libraries for each protocol. IBM Lotus Sametime's November 2007 release added IBM Lotus Sametime Gateway support for XMPP. Recently, many instant messaging services have begun to offer video conferencing features, Voice Over IP (VoIP) and web conferencing services. Web conferencing services integrate both video conferencing and instant messaging capabilities. Some newer instant messaging companies are offering desktop sharing, IP radio, and IPTV to the voice and video features. The term "instant messenger" is a service mark of Time Warner[3] and may not be used in software not affiliated with AOL in the United States. For this reason, the instant messaging client formerly known as Gaim or gaim announced in April 2007 that they would be renamed "Pidgin"[4]. [edit] Cooperation Standard free instant messaging applications offer functions like file transfer, contact lists, the ability to have similtaneous converstations etc. These may be all the functions that a small business needs but larger organisations will require more sophisticated applications that can work together. The solution to finding applications capable of this is to use enterprise versions of instant messaging applications. These include titles like Jabber, Lotus Sametime, Microsoft Office Communicator, etc., which are often integrated with other enterprise applications such as workflow systems. These enterprise applications, or Enterprise Application Integration (EAI), are built to certain constraints, namely storing data in a common format. There have been several attempts to create a unified standard for instant messaging: IETF's SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) and SIMPLE (SIP for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions), APEX (Application Exchange), Prim (Presence and Instant Messaging Protocol), the open XML-based XMPP (Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol), more commonly known as Jabber and OMA's (Open Mobile Alliance) IMPS (Instant Messaging and Presence Service) created specifically for mobile devices. Most attempts at creating a unified standard for the major IM providers (AOL, Yahoo! and Microsoft) have failed and each continues to use its own proprietary protocol. However, while discussions at IETF were stalled, Reuters head of collaboration services, David Gurle (the founder of Microsoft's Real Time Communication and Collaboration business), signed the first inter-service provider connectivity agreement on September 2003. This agreement enabled AIM, ICQ and MSN Messenger users to talk with Reuters Messaging counterparts and vice-versa against an access fee. Following this, Microsoft, Yahoo! and AOL came to a deal where Microsoft's Live Communication Server 2005 users would also have the possibility to talk to public instant messaging users. This deal established SIP/SIMPLE as a standard for protocol interoperability and established a connectivity fee for accessing public instant messaging clouds. Separately, on October 13, 2005 Microsoft and Yahoo! announced that by (the Northern Hemisphere) summer of 2006 they would interoperate using SIP/SIMPLE which is followed on December 2005 by the AOL and Google strategic partnership deal where Google Talk users would be able to talk with AIM and ICQ users provided they have an identity at AOL. There are two ways to combine the many disparate protocols: One way is to combine the many disparate protocols inside the IM client application. The other way is to combine the many disparate protocols inside the IM server application. This approach moves the task of communicating to the other services to the server. Clients need not know or care about other IM protocols. For example, LCS 2005 Public IM Connectivity. This approach is popular in Jabber/XMPP servers however the so-called transport projects suffer the same reverse engineering difficulties as any other project involved with closed protocols or formats. Some approaches, such as that adopted by the Sonork enterprise IM software or the Jabber/XMPP network or Winpopup LAN Messenger, allow organizations to create their own private instant messaging network by enabling them to limit access to the server (often with the IM network entirely behind their firewall) and administer user permissions. Other corporate messaging systems allow registered users to also connect from outside the corporation LAN, by using a secure firewall-friendly HTTPS based protocol. Typically, a dedicated corporate IM server has several advantages such as pre-populated contact lists, integrated authentication, and better security and privacy. Some networks have made changes to prevent them from being utilized by such multi-network IM clients. For example, Trillian had to release several revisions and patches to allow its users to access the MSN, AOL, and Yahoo! networks, after changes were made to these networks. The major IM providers typically cite the need for formal agreements as well as security concerns as reasons for making these changes. [edit] Mobile Instant Messaging Mobile Instant Messaging (MIM) is a presence enabled messaging service that aims to transpose the desktop messaging experience to the usage scenario of being on the move. While several of the core ideas of the desktop experience on one hand apply to a connected mobile device, others do not: Users usually only look at their phone's screen — presence status changes might occur under different circumstances as happens at the desktop, and several functional limits exist based on the fact that the vast majority of mobile communication devices are chosen by their users to fit into the palm of their hand. Some of the form factor and mobility related differences need to be taken into account in order to create a really adequate, powerful and yet convenient mobile experience: radio bandwidth, memory size, availability of media formats, keypad based input, screen output, CPU performance and battery power are core issues that desktop device users and even nomadic users with connected network. [edit] Friend-to-friend networks Instant Messaging may be done in a Friend-to-friend network, in which each node connects to the friends on the friendslist. This allows for communication with friends of friends and for the building of chatrooms for instant messages with all friends on that network. Emotions are often expressed in shorthand. For example; lol. But a movement is currently underway to be more accurate with the emotional expression. Real time reactions such as (chortle) (snort) (guffaw) or (eye-roll) are rapidly taking the place of acronyms.[citation needed] [edit] Business application Instant messaging has proven to be similar to personal computers, e-mail, and the WWW, in that its adoption for use as a business communications medium was driven primarily by individual employees using consumer software at work, rather than by formal mandate or provisioning by corporate information technology departments. Tens of millions of the consumer IM accounts in use are being used for business purposes by employees of companies and other organizations. In response to the demand for business-grade IM and the need to ensure security and legal compliance, a new type of instant messaging, called "Enterprise Instant Messaging" ("EIM") was created when Lotus Software launched IBM Lotus Sametime in 1998. Microsoft followed suit shortly thereafter with Microsoft Exchange Instant Messaging, later created a new platform called Microsoft Office Live Communications Server, and released Office Communications Server 2007 in October 2007. Both IBM Lotus and Microsoft have introduced federation between their EIM systems and some of the public IM networks so that employees may use a single interface to both their internal EIM system and their contacts on AOL, MSN, and Yahoo!. Current leading EIM platforms include IBM Lotus Sametime, Microsoft Office Communications Server, and Jabber XCP. In addition, industry-focused EIM platforms such as IMtrader from Pivot Incorporated, Reuters Messaging, and Bloomberg Messaging provide enhanced IM capabilities to financial services companies. The adoption of IM across corporate networks outside of the control of IT organizations creates risks and liabilities for companies who do not effectively manage and support IM use. Companies implement specialized IM archiving and security products and services like those from Secure Computing, Akonix, SurfControl, and ScanSafe to mitigate these risks and provide safe, secure, productive instant messaging capabilities to their employees. [edit] Practical Use in Enterprise The popular embrace of IM technology for sharing information has quickly led to organizations adopting IM solutions for the perceived advantages that can be brought by it. As organizations are becoming more information based (McNurlin & Sprague, 2006, p.499) the need for effective knowledge sharing, team working and collaborative environments amongst employees has become vital, especially within more geographically dispersed teams. Typically IM conversations tend to have a certain "character", they are often short and only cover one topic. Media-switching and multitasking are common throughout, however IM might also be used between established coworkers and friends for longer, more intermittent conversation. In their report of IM use at the workplace Nardi et al. (2000) identifies the four primary functions of IM which are often cited in other reports, These primary functions are: Quick Questions and Clarifications Coordinating and scheduling tasks Coordinating impromptu social meetings Keeping in touch with friends and family IM is perhaps best suited to "Quick Questions and Clarifications" as this is the most often mentioned attribute in other reports. A user can "respond rapidly without the overhead of telephone or FTF interaction. For example, IDC reports, "Users see IM as a medium for quick, semi-permanent ‘flashes’ that beg a near-immediate response" (Isaacs et al., 2002). Nardi's second and third observations are enabled in part due to the "Presence Awareness" feature of IM clients in which the user knows who is "available". This is the most relevant for colleagues who share the same physical space as each other and even paves the way for other mediums to take up the task of communication e.g. F2F or Phone. The implication is that viable communication of any sort can in someway be encouraged through IM's "Presence Awareness" feature. (Issacs et al, 2002) supports this view, "IM in business might not be the main tool for of communication, it could just be the meeting point for another type of media e.g. conference calls. Nardi's third and fourth observations focus on the social use of IM, which have also been widely publicized in other report. That IM is used for keeping in touch with friends and arranging social events has led some employers to believe that it is used primarily for this purpose. According to (Issacs et al, 2002) a market study found that "'Fear of losing employee productivity’ was the greatest concern of businesses in regards to instant messaging". The study by (Issacs et al, 2002) goes on to suggest this fear is unfounded as it was found that on average "only 13% of conversations contained personal topics", and "only 6.4% were exclusively personal". [edit] Review of Products "IM solutions can typically be catagorised into two types: Enterprise Instant Messaging (EIM) and Consumer Instant Mesaging (CIM). Enterprise solutions use an internal IM server, however this isn't always feasible, particularly for smaller businesses with limited budgets. The second option, using a (CIM) provides the advantage of being inexpensive to implement and has little need for investing in new hardware or server software. However, in recent years open source IM clients such as Jabber have emerged that provide free EIM grade solutions. (Wikipedia,. 2008) For corporate use encryption and conversation archiving are usually regarded as important features due to security concerns. Sometimes the use of different operating systems in organizations calls for the use of software that supports more than one platform. For example many software companies use Windows XP in administration departments but have software developers who use Linux. Most people have had experience of using online chat and messaging over the internet whether it is with Microsoft's Windows Live Messenger, Skype or e-mail. One form of chat and messaging currently popular is Bebo. It is a non-corporate form of messaging which allows its user to create and maintain a social network. Libraries use chat applications and Morris Messenger is an application commonly used by them. This is a power based instant messenger, which uses Perl, SQL, and small Java. It accepts input from both staff and regular customers and saves important information in an SQL database built for the system. [edit] Risks and liabilities Although instant messaging delivers many benefits, it also carries with it certain risks and liabilities, particularly when used in workplaces. Among these risks and liabilities are: Security risks (e.g. IM used to infect computers with spyware, viruses, trojans, worms) Compliance risks Inappropriate use Intellectual property leakage Crackers (malicious "hacker" or black hat hacker) have consistently used IM networks as vectors for delivering phishing attempts, "poison URL's", and virus-laden file attachments from 2004 to the present, with over 1100 discrete attacks listed by the IM Security Center[5] in 2004-2007. Hackers use two methods of delivering malicious code through IM: delivery of virus, trojan, or spyware within an infected file, and the use of "socially engineered" text with a web address that entices the recipient to click on a URL that connects him or her to a website that then downloads malicious code. Viruses, worms, and trojans typically propagate by sending themselves rapidly through the infected user's buddy list. An effective attack using a poison URL may reach tens of thousands of people in minutes when each person's buddy list receives messages appearing to be from a trusted friend. The recipients click on the web address, and the entire cycle starts again. Infections may range from nuisance to criminal, and are becoming more sophisticated each year. In addition to the malicious code threat, the use of instant messaging at work also creates a risk of non-compliance to laws and regulations governing the use of electronic communications in businesses. In the United States alone there are over 10,000 laws and regulations related to electronic messaging and records retention.[6] The more well-known of these include the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, HIPAA, and SEC 17a-3. Clarification from the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA") was issued to member firms in the financial services industry in December, 2007, noting that "electronic communications", "email", and "electronic correspondence" may be used interchangeably and can include such forms of electronic messaging as instant messaging and text messaging.[7] Changes to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, effective December 1, 2006, created a new category for electronic records which may be requested during discovery (law) in legal proceedings. Most countries around the world also regulate the use of electronic messaging and electronic records retention in similar fashion to the United States. The most common regulations related to IM at work involve the need to produce archived business communications to satisfy government or judicial requests under law. Many instant messaging communications fall into the category of business communications that must be archived and retrievable. Organizations of all types must protect themselves from the liability of their employees' inappropriate use of IM. The informal, immediate, and ostensibly anonymous nature of instant messaging makes it a candidate for abuse in the workplace. The topic of inappropriate IM use became front page news in October 2006 when Congressman Mark Foley resigned his seat after admitting sending offensive instant messages of a sexual nature to underage former House pages from his Congressional office PC. The Mark Foley Scandal led to media coverage and mainstream newspaper articles warning of the risks of inappropriate IM use in workplaces. In most countries, corporations have a legal responsibility to ensure harassment-free work environment for employees. The use of corporate-owned computers, networks, and software to harass an individual or spread inappropriate jokes or language creates a liability for not only the offender but also the employer. A survey by IM archiving and security provider Akonix Systems, Inc. in March 2007 showed that 31% of respondents had been harassed over IM at work.[8] Companies now include instant messaging as an integral component of their policies on appropriate use of the World Wide Web, e-mail, and other corporate assets. Within the company there is also the risk of employees using instant messaging to release confidential information and project details to an outside source. This issue is best controlled by a combination of written policy and technology. An organization's policies on use of IM in the workplace should be an integral part of the overall computing and network use policies, and should be published and communicated at least annually. In addition to written policy, organizations should implement "gateways" or IM security products to monitor content of inbound and outbound messages. Products from IM security providers (See section on IM security) typically allow administrators to set alerts and enforce policy (i.e. allow or block messages) based on keywords and regular expressions within instant messages. Employees may also misuse IM to communicate on a personal level with friends and family. This is poor use of a business’s time and resources, as the employee’s effectiveness will most certainly decrease due to the added distractions. (Licari, J., May 2005). Businesses often use IM security products to monitor and archive IM conversations for the purpose of minimizing this type of productivity drain. [edit] Security and archiving In the early 2000s, a new class of IT security provider emerged to provide remedies for the risks and liabilities faced by corporations who chose to use IM for business communications. The IM security providers created new products to be installed in corporate networks for the purpose of archiving, content-scanning, and security-scanning IM traffic moving in and out of the corporation. Similar to the e-mail filtering vendors, the IM security providers focus on the risks and liabilities described above. With rapid adoption of IM in the workplace, demand for IM security products began to grow in the mid-2000s. By 2007, the preferred platform for the purchase of security software had become the "appliance", according to IDC, who estimate that by 2008, 80% of network security products will be delivered via an appliance.[9] [edit] User base Note that many of the numbers listed in this section are not directly comparable, and some are speculative. Some instant messaging systems are distributed among many different instances and thus difficult to measure in total (e.g. Jabber). While some numbers are given by the owners of a complete instant messaging system, others are provided by commercial vendors of a part of a distributed system. Some companies may be motivated to inflate their numbers in order to increase advertisement earnings or to attract partners, clients, or customers. Importantly, some numbers are reported as the number of "active" users (without a shared standard of that activity), others indicate total user accounts, while others indicate only the users logged in during an instance of peak usage. Service User count Date/source AIM 53 million active September 2006 >100 million total January 2006 Jabber 40-50 million total January 2007, based on calculations of Jabber Inc 90 million total Based on calculations of Process-One: Process-One uses ejabberd as Jabber server software. If it is assumed that ejabberd has a 40% market share amongst public and private open source server deployments, there are 50 million users using open source servers. With Jabber Inc's numbers, this adds up to the 90 million number stated here. eBuddy 35 million total October 2006, including 4 million mobile users Windows Live Messenger 294 million active worldwide November 2007 Yahoo! Messenger 22 million total September 2006 QQ 20 million peak online (majority in China) 3 June 2006 221 million "active" (majority in China) 3 June 2006 IBM Lotus Sametime 17 million total (private, in enterprises) November 2007 ICQ 15 million active July 2006 Skype 12 million peak online February 2008 309 million total April 2008 Xfire 10 million total May 2008 MXit 7 million total (>560,000 outside of South Africa) 10 August 2007. Note that these users are part of the Jabber user base as MXit federates with the Jabber network. Gadu-Gadu 5.6 million total June 2006 Paltalk 3.3 million unique visitors per month August 2006 IMVU 1 million total June 2007 Mail.ru Agent 1 million active (daily) September 2006 Meebo 1 million total October 2006 PSYC 1 million active (daily) (majority in Brazil) February 2007. Total count cannot be accurately estimated due to the decentralized nature of the protocol. VZOchat >200,000 October 2007 [edit] IM Language Users sometimes make use of internet slang or text speak to abbreviate common words or expressions in order to quicken conversations or to reduce keystrokes. [edit] See also Comparison of instant messaging clients Comparison of instant messaging protocols Instant messaging manager LAN messenger Text messaging it is a question

Does any one know of a really good on-line daily pregnancy calendar? I want one that includes pictures and facts and such!!

List the types of information that you would expect to obtain from the care plan? Mrs gregg is 55yrs old widow who had active career as a lawyer.She is independent women had adpt tp many changes in her past life.You assigned to give care and support to mrs. gregg, who had stroke two weeks ago.she is paralized and difficulty speaking.she is able to hear well and can undrstand when you speak to her. the long erm goal for her care includes:regaining mobility, reagaining speech, being as independence as possible, and preventing compliacations such as contranctures, pressure sores. you are required to assist her to participate fully in all activities of daily living and assist her to meet physical and psychosocial needs.

In Toronto, how much does a foreign college student earn in part time jobs ? I am a student from India. I am supposed to join Sheridan College (Trafalgar Road Campus) in Oakville, near Toronto from September 2007. I will have a 20 hour per week work permit which I will need to fund my education. I need to know what kinds of jobs are available for college students and how easy\hard it is to get such employment. And more importantly HOW MUCH does it pay PER HOUR? My special skills include Digital Image Editing, journalism, proficiency in English and playing the guitar. Will it be possible to get work in these fields or do I have to do generalised work like waiting, pizza delivery, sales etc. Also I need to know, what is the living cost per week for a student in Toronto, living with a room mate. And how does one commute daily from Toronto to Oakville (Trafalgar Road), how much time does it take and how much does it cost daily. I urgently need these information and if anyone with living experience in Toronto could help me, I would really appreciate it. Thanks.

Can you help me with this Comprehensive Problem-Perpetual? Assume it is Monday, May 1, the first business day of the month, and you have just been hired as the accountant for Colo Company, which operates with monthly accounting periods. All of the company’s accounting work is completed through the end of April and its ledgers show April 30 balances. During your first month on the job, the company experiences the following transactions and events (terms for all its credit sales are 210, n30 unless stated differently): May 1 Issued Check No. 3410 to S&P Management Co. in payment of the May rent, $3,710. (Use two lines to record the transaction. Charge 80% of the rent to Rent Expense—Selling Space and the balance to Rent Expense—Office Space.) 2 Sold merchandise on credit to Hensel Company, Invoice No. 8785, for $6,100 (cost is $4,100). 2 Issued a $175 credit memorandum to Knox, Inc., for defective (worthless) merchandise sold on April 28 and returned for credit. The total selling price (gross) was $4,725. 3 Received a $798 credit memorandum from Peyton Products for the return of merchandise purchased on April 29. 4 Purchased the following on credit from Gear Supply Co.: merchandise, $37,072; store supplies, $574; and office supplies, $83. Invoice dated May 4, terms n10 EOM. 5 Received payment from Knox, Inc., for the balance from the April 28 sale less the May 2 return and the discount. 8 Issued Check No. 3411 to Peyton Products to pay for the $7,098 of merchandise purchased on April 29 less the May 3 return and a 2% discount. 9 Sold store supplies to the merchant next door at their cost of $350 cash. 10 Purchased $4,074 of office equipment on credit from Gear Supply Co., invoice dated May 10, terms n10 EOM. 11 Received payment from Hensel Company for the May 2 sale less the discount. 11 Purchased $8,800 of merchandise from Garcia, Inc., invoice dated May 10, terms 210, n30. 12 Received an $854 credit memorandum from Gear Supply Co. for the return of defective office equipment received on May 10. 15 Issued Check No. 3412, payable to Payroll, in payment of sales salaries, $5,320, and office salaries, $3,150. Cashed the check and paid the employees. 15 Cash sales for the first half of the month are $59,220 (cost is $38,200). (Cash sales are recorded daily but are recorded only twice here to reduce repetitive entries.) 15 Post to the customer and creditor accounts. Also post individual items that are not included in column totals at the end of the month to the general ledger accounts. (Such items are posted daily but are posted only twice each month because they are few in number.) 16 Sold merchandise on credit to Hensel Company, Invoice No. 8786, for $3,990 (cost is 1,890). 17 Purchased $13,650 of merchandise from Fink Corp., invoice dated May 14, terms 210, n60. 19 Issued Check No. 3413 to Garcia, Inc., in payment of its May 10 invoice less the discount. 22 Sold merchandise to Lee Services, Invoice No. 8787, for $6,850 (cost is $4,990), terms 210, n60. 23 Issued Check No. 3414 to Fink Corp. in payment of its May 14 invoice less the discount. 24 Purchased the following on credit from Gear Supply Co.: merchandise, $8,120; store supplies, $630; and office supplies, $280. Invoice dated May 24, terms n10 EOM. 25 Purchased $3,080 of merchandise from Peyton Products, invoice dated May 23, terms 210, n30. 26 Sold merchandise on credit to Crane Corp., Invoice No. 8788, for $14,210 (cost is $8,230). 26 Issued Check No. 3415 to Perennial Power in payment of the May electric bill, $1,283. 29 The owner of Colo Company, Jenny Colo, used Check No. 3416 to withdraw $7,000 cash from the business for personal use. 30 Received payment from Lee Services for the May 22 sale less the discount. 30 Issued Check No. 3417, payable to Payroll, in payment of sales salaries, $5,320, and office salaries, $3,150. Cashed the check and paid the employees. 31 Cash sales for the last half of the month are $66,052 (cost is $42,500). 31 Post to the customer and creditor accounts. Also post individual items that are not included in column totals at the end of the month to the general ledger accounts. Foot and crossfoot the journals and make the month-end postings. Required 1. Enter these transactions in a sales journal, a purchases journal, a cash receipts journal, a cash disbursements journal, or a general journal as illustrated in this chapter. Post when instructed to do so. Assume a perpetual inventory system. 2. Prepare a trial balance in the Trial Balance columns of the work sheet form provided with the working papers. Complete the work sheet using the following information for accounting adjustments: a. Expired insurance, $553. b. Ending store supplies inventory, $2,632. c. Ending office supplies inventory, $504. d. Depreciation of store equipment, $567. e. Depreciation of office equipment, $329. Prepare and post adjusting and closing entries. 3. Prepare a May 2005 multiple-step income statement, a May 2005 statement of owner’s equity, and a May

Give me your opinion insights and summary or how you understand this..?

What Ever Happened To Real Journalists and Real Journalism? Journalism? Whats that? All the Main Stream Media, including and especially NPR, 95% of it anyway is totally and utterly incapable of Reporting a story that is not soaked, slanted and saturated with Far Left Wing Hyper-Liberal Bush Hating-Bash and Blame America First Ideological Bias. "Journalism"? ... Such a lonely word. Yet there is one last bastion remaining and I can assure you it's not CNN and God forgive me NEVER the BBC ... that "Fair and Balanced" Bastion of Journalism is none other than the FOX News Network. FOX has the highest ratings of "all" major Cable News Networks "combined." Journalism has degenerated to Liberal propaganda and hateful vitriol spewed by Democrats daily, anti-American and traitorous, and debasing distortions instead of the NEWS, that's journalism in the good old USA today.

Do you think Oprah promotes unsafe health practices? Oprah Winfrey thinks her viewers are smarter than Newsweek magazine's most recent cover story implies. The talk show queen responded to the magazine's article that condemned the medical advice given by some of her guests, according to Us. Winfrey said she's not endorsing any method, but rather putting out information for her viewership to consider. "For 23 years, my show has presented thousands of topics that reflect the human experience, including doctors' medical advice and personal health stories that have prompted conversations between our audience members and their health care providers," Winfrey said in a statement. "I trust the viewers, and I know that they are smart and discerning enough to seek out medical opinions to determine what may be best for them." The article — which sports the headline "Crazy Talk: Oprah, Wacky Cures & You" on the cover — takes Winfrey to task for offering medical tips on her show that the magazine suggests are ineffective and possibly dangerous. While the article praises Winfrey's health and fitness experts Dr. Mehmet Oz and trainer Bob Green, it's particularly critical of such celebrity guests as Suzanne Somers and Jenny McCarthy, who advocated taking 60 daily supplements and avoiding vaccinations out of fear that they cause autism, respectively. The article suggests that Winfrey fails to challenge these guests and their ideas on her show. Do you think Oprah promotes unsafe health practices?

I'm 5 weeks pregnant and I don't have much energy to do anything anymore? Including walking my two big dogs. I know they need daily walks but the last time i tried to walk them I go so short of breath. Is this normal? I'm a house wife and I can barely clean my house anymore. What can I do to keep my energy up? I cried the other day because I had such a hard time walking the dogs.

teenage girl. should i take dance or martial arts? im a high schooler interested in both these things. im not looking for any benefits in particular, i just know that i want such activities and lifestyles included in my daily routine. i can't participate in both, because i am busy with school and im already taking other extracurriculars, so i really dont have the money. id just like an opinion about which one seems...better? (factors: fun, effort, health conditions, cost)

Well once again, my son was forgotten. His dad made plans for this weekend but didn't even consider including our son. I don't know what to do anymore. I know my sons dad is intensionally ignoring our son. He's been by to visit with me at least once every week this month but he hasn't even tried to visit with our son. Meanwhile i know he's being involved with his other kid on a daily basis. He made plans with his brother for the holiday and didn't even try to include our son. OMG!!!! I have been right along, he just doesn't care for our son. But what i don't get is why make such an effort to be ok with me. Its as if he's my boyfriend only not my sons dad. What do I do?????????????????????? He delivered our son five years ago. His other kid is seven I knew about the pregnancy he admitted that the boy might not even be his. But the girl has shoved the boy down his throat. She'll leave the kid outside at 6am. My son is well behaved.

What is your hair-care routine like? I'm just asking of of curiousity. I'd like to know how much work other people put into their hair. You could report about your daily, weekly, or monthly habits. Include things like how often you wash it (perhaps even what shampoo/conditioner you use), how often you dry it, what products you use, how you style it, how often you get it cut/trimmed/styled professionally, whether you ever cut it yourself or not. If you care to divulge such information, feel free to say how much money you pool into it (either collectively or each individual item/habit). So, this is your chance to talk about how you take care of your hair. Get as detailed or as general as you like.

My desk is such a mess!!!!? I have quite a large desk and have loads of paper scattered about the place, I have endless amounts of folders! I have tried so many different attempts at filing them, I just find it so time consuming . Does anyone have any ideas how to make filing easy?? I work in a daycare nursery, things I have to file include, colouring templates, activities ideas, daily/weekly/monthly/yearly plans, observations, childrens progress files, development sheets and so much more.... Ive tried colour coding, number coding but I always seem to end up in a muddle! Sam...I do not need a clear out...all my items are needed daily!

How much do contact lenses cost normally at the eye doctors? The 1 month or 3-6 month kind? hi, i was wondering how much do contact lenses normally costs for a full year? i dont need colored, just normal ones to see.i want the kind that you replace every month at least, but it would be better for me with the 3-6 month replaced kinds if there are such things.ive done some reading about them but im not sure if there are 6 month ones. ive only heard of 3. it would not be ideal for me to have the full year ones.daily disposables would cost to much. it doesnt matter i could work with either hard or soft lenses. also, how much would it cost including the eye exam and contact fitting? are those two seprate things or all together? pearl vision or wallmart is where i go. my moms ify about internet buying. background: im 13 years old and my dad already said i can have contacts but my mom doesnt want me to because she thinks they cost way to much. i know some of my friends only pay around $140 for a full year so thats about the same amount for eyeglasses. thx for all your help!! i live in USA. Illinois. near chicago. sorry i forgot, i dont need the colored, or the sleep in ones, just regular- nothing special contacts. thx does it affect the cost if you see differently in each eye? i think i see better in my right eye. so would i need to pay more just because of that or is that normal?

How do you Cultivate Loving-kindness in your life ? The Cultivation of Loving-Kindness. Metta is characterized as Amity (friendship), goodwill, and Loving-Kindness! These are only a few words to describe this mental state. There is No better way to know it than to study it, and then practice it. Metta is a totally unselfish and a pure state of mind which brings much profit to oneself and to others. The cultivation in this state of mind is called Meditation. When we cultivate Loving-kindness it becomes strong, powerful, and quite useful! It brings us abundant, deep and intense peace and happiness! It eradicates the anxious thoughts and as a result provides clarity in thinking, increases awareness, increases cognitive thinking, improves memory and concentration and focus, and helps one perceive and see things in the present moment as they truly are(& for most people this is the only time in which they are really alive) The meditative practice of Metta is also a very effective means to overcome anger and to build up the virtue of patience, compassion and altruistic joy. It is also the means for healthy relationships and provides the means for family happiness and peaceful societies. Beginning Practice for Loving-Kindness. This can be practiced sitting with a erect posture, or lying down (if you are not sleeping at the time). Many people think giving Metta to oneself is selfish, but it is not ! They think that it is selfish because they misunderstand what is really being done and the mental state involved. Actually it is a sincere and an unselfish ambition to progress onwards in the path toward happiness with oneself and with others. “The one practicing Loving-kindness Meditation recites not just the words in the mind, but sincerely makes it a high priority and ambition to fully understand the complete meaning of Metta, thus enabling oneself to live a life of loving-kindness toward oneself and others. It involves patience and empathy, and selflessness in thought, word, and deed, first toward oneself and then toward others ! Arousing Metta from within yourself. The first-fruits of Metta is loving oneself through self-acceptance and non-judging. This will enable you to see your true virtues and good qualities: such as mercy, compassion, patience, goodwill, empathy, understanding, self-confidence and intelligence – to name a few. The near cause of Metta is the lovable person or being. Therefore we have to see the favourable aspect of the person or the being. When Metta arises from within you it must be sincere and come from the depth of one’s heart(mind/thought-life/emotions). It should be encouraged to flow abundantly and freely without inhibition. There is nothing wrong with giving Metta = the non-critical, non-judging, acceptance, tolerance, and LovingKindness to others, only “it is to be given in wisdom and guarded against attachment.” When Metta arises from within, one enables and urges it on with the use of four aspirations/mental affirmations: 1) May he or she be free from enmity and danger. This refers to enmity within/negative Kammic/reaping what has been sown; also catastrophies and accidents. Loving-kindness meditative aspiration might be, “May he or she have, receive much Loving-kindness, goodwill and may he or she be safe.” (2) May he or she be free from mental suffering. Mental suffering refers to mental anguish, frustrations, irritations, impatience, despair, worries & anxieties, depressions, fears, phobias & all mental/emotional disorders, and all that is present to no end, as well as the unsatisfactoriness of conditioned existence. “May he or she have peace and maintain a healthy attitude.” (3) May he or she be free from physical suffering. Physical suffering includes all forms of physical discomfort, ill-nesses, disease{dis-ease, as well], all ailments, and all incompleteness. A good aspiration during lovingkindness meditation might be “May he or she be healthy and strong” (4) May he or she take care of himself or herself happily. This means that we desire him or her to be able to carry out all the activities in his or her life and maintenance of life such as waking up, eating, caring for his or her livelihood, caring for the children, spouse, house, work, peacefully - without stress and worries, and sleeping peacefully as well. During Metta Meditation you might say in your mind, “May he or she not experience anxieties and obstacles while taking care of him or herself, family, and while at work.” The principle is that we make each aspiration we do so “With Metta (lovingkindness, friendliness, and goodwill)!!” This will arouse more Metta to arise from within us, in order to work through us toward ourselves and others in life !! Too many positive aspirations/mental affirmations for the beginner during loving-kindness Meditation might not bring rise to increased Cognitive Thinking, and Concentration, so keep it simple (four aspirations/mental affirmations is good to start with). The goal is bringing goodwill toward others, everything else, the benefits that arise from this process, such as bringing forth patience, helping us to live a life of Metta(lovingkindnes, forgiveness, goodwill, tolerance), increased cognitive thinking, peace, etc. are all secondary, but will come about as one practices Loving-Kindness Meditation daily.

How can a US Citizen be ran out of his country by a illegal

What should an all day Pre-K class schedule include? The preschool I teach for is going to offer a three day, all day Pre-K class next fall M-W-F, 9:00-3:00. Can you help me to outline a daily schedule? I will be incorporating centers, such as math, writing, reading and housekeeping,

How can I spice up my resume?? I am a mediocre student, just starting to get decent grades. I am about to enter my senior year. I have worked full time jobs. Never had an internship, volunteer experience. etc. Should I include my accomplishments at each job instead of duties? ADDRESS HERE PHONE NUMBER • EMAIL NAME HERE OBJECTIVE To obtain an entry level position that will allow me to utilize my customer service skills as well as the knowledge gained and skills developed from my previous work experience and education. EDUCATION Completion Date: May 2009 Xavier University New Orleans, LA Major: Finance Minor: Business Administration WORK EXPERIENCE 05/2007 - Present MedPage Today Little Falls, New Jersey Onsite Manager •Travel United States to represent company in all aspects and fashion. •Assist in complete set – up and display of booth and networking scheme to consistently build clientele. •Document Doctor/Nurse Information and report numbers back to company to record our productivity. 09 – 2007 – 05/2008 Ritz Carlton New Orleans, Louisiana Front Desk Agent •Assist guest with both checking in and out of the hotel while maintaining a certain mystique and exceptional customer service. • Post charges to guestrooms, verify credit cards, balance bank at the end of the shift. •Distribute information to guest in a timely manner and assists in rectifying guest questions and concerns. 09/2002 - 12/2006 Banana Republic New Orleans, LA Cashier/Sales Associate •Maintained high levels of customer satisfaction by providing customers with exceptional customer service. •Provided training for new employees to maintain store performance. •Performed cash support services with operations team. •Consistently met sales goals while multi-tasking to meet managerial expectations. 01/2006 - 05/2006 Hudson City Savings Bank Teaneck, NJ Bank Teller •Building lasting relationships with customers in order to build rapport. •Securing mortgage payments for customers. •Performed daily banking activities such as: cashing customer checks, and depositing funds into customer accounts.

What should a teen girl eat?? Can anybody list a daily income of food for a 12 or 13 year old girl. Such as Breakfast 1 serving of meat 1serving veggies ect if you could the whole day including snacks. and suggsted drinks. ThANks!!!! Please serious answers only A MEAL PLAN!!!!!!!

I discovered this article on the yahoo home page & i think its a very good ideal will you participate also? Pass this message out to as many people as you can.Make me wonder why i haven't heard about this on the news sounds like everyone would want this. NEW YORK - On Sept. 11, Jacob Sundberg of San Antonio has pledged to make eye contact and smile at everyone he meets. Kaitlin Ulrich will bring goody baskets to the police and fire departments in and around Philadelphia. And 100 volunteers from New York – 9/11 firefighters and family members among them – are going to Groesbeck, Texas, to rebuild a house destroyed by a tornado last December. ADVERTISEMENT This is a minute sampling of the hundreds of thousands of people who have pledged to memorialize those killed on 9/11 by doing something good for others. The heroic acts of all those killed trying to save others that September morning has spawned a growing grass-roots movement. The goal is to ensure that future generations remember not just the horror of the attacks, but also the extraordinary outpouring of humanity during the days, weeks, and months that followed. "It was the worst possible day imaginable, and in some ways, a remarkable day, too, in the way in which people responded," says David Paine, cofounder of myGoodDeed.org. "We need to rekindle the way we came together in the spirit of 9/11: It would be almost as much a tragedy to lose that lesson." Sept. 11 has inspired dozens of philanthropic efforts – from groups dedicated to building memorials to foundations designed to improve education in the Middle East. But myGoodDeed has a more universal goal: to turn 9/11 into a day dedicated to doing good – from small, simple things like Lisa Scheive's pledge to help stranded turtles cross the road in Pompano Beach, Fla., to lifesaving efforts, such as John Feal's decision in New York to donate one of his kidneys to help a seriously ill 9/11 worker. The idea has been endorsed by members of Congress, and at myGoodDeed's urging, President Bush for the first time this year included a call for volunteering in his annual 9/11 proclamation. After major disasters, Americans have historically tapped a deep reserve of compassion and reached out to others. But in the months and years that follow, those compassionate and civic urges tend to recede. Studies at Harvard's Saguaro Seminar on Civic Engagement in America found that in as few as five months after 9/11, most Americans had gone back to their daily lives and were not more engaged as they said they'd hoped to be. Part of the goal of turning 9/11 into a national day of service is to remind Americans of the inherent joy of giving and to hopefully spur volunteering and charitable acts throughout the year. "I don't know of any research that's been done on one day of service, but studies have shown that people who do volunteering in high school are more likely to volunteer throughout their lives," says Thomas Sander, executive director of the Saguaro Seminar. The idea of turning 9/11 into a day of service, charity, and good deeds came from the family and friends of one man: Glenn Winuk, a volunteer fireman and lawyer who worked a block and a half from the World Trade Center. After he helped evacuate his Broadway law offices, he grabbed a medic's bag and ran toward the smoke pouring from the South Tower. That's where his remains were found after the towers fell. Mr. Paine and Glenn's brother Jay had been friends for years. They decided that turning 9/11 into a day of service was best way to memorialize Glenn. "It completely reflects the way my brother lived his life, and it also specifically reflects how he died," says Mr. Winuk, myGoodDeed.org cofounder. "He laid his life on the line for other people that day." In 2002, Paine and Winuk sent e-mails to friends and family and suggested they do a good deed, such as donate a day's pay on 9/11. Then the idea evolved, and they founded myGoodDeed.org. In 2004, 100,000 visited their website and pledged to do a good deed on 9/11. This year, those pledging number more than 250,000. "A lot of people don't know what to do on 9/11," says Paine. "This hits people in their heart and their soul. It connects with something that's fundamental." Email Story IM Story Printable View RECOMMEND THIS STORY Recommend It: Average (438 votes) » Recommended Stories Full Coverage: Terrorism & 9/11 Off the Wires Bin Laden wants 'caravan' of martyrs AP, 14 minutes ago Sept. 11 anniversary marked overseas AP, 1 hour, 12 minutes ago Feature Articles In 9/11 remembrance, a turning to good deeds The Christian Science Monitor via Yahoo! News, Sep 10 Andrew Card on New Bin Laden Tape at FOX News, Sep 10 News Stories Is Bin Laden in Pakistan? at ABCNEWS.com, Sep 10 Terror suspects 'were tipped off' at CNN.com, Sep 10 Opinion & Editorials Bin Laden the Communist at The Washington Post (reg. req'd), Sep 10 Scarier Than Bin Laden at The Washington Post (reg. req'd), Sep 10 Top Stories Heads bow in memory of 9/11 victims AP GOP war support on shaky ground AP Bin Laden wants 'caravan' of martyrs AP Rocket wounds dozens of Israeli troops AP Sept. 11 anniversary marked overseas AP Most Viewed: Top Stories Bin Laden eulogizes 9/11 hijacker in new tape Reuters U.S. marks 9/11 with moments of silence Reuters In pure Arctic air, signs of China's economic boom Reuters Singapore transsexual battles culture of shame AFP Iraqi govt welcomes Petraeus report Reuters Top Stories Video No sign of Fossett after a week of searching AP - Mon Sep 10, 8:17 PM ET Misconceptions about Muslims CNN - Tue Sep 11, 5:04 AM ET Western acts rock Beijing music fest AFP - 2 hours, 38 minutes ago 74-year-old fights off mugger AP - Tue Sep 11, 3:24 AM ET

Is this credit card a good choice for me...? I have bad credit... or none, i cant get approved for anything else and dont understand all the red tape! HELP! does anyone have this card? THE ORCHARD BANK CREDIT CARD 200 min security deposit 35 dollar annual fee Variable Rate Information Your APRs may vary. The rates are determined monthly by adding the Index (described below) and: 6.65% ("Spread") for the Customary APR for credit card purchases. 16.90% ("Spread") for the Cash APR for cash advances, including balance transfers, if applicable, and cash advances made by credit card check. 22.24% ("Spread") for the Default APR. For each billing cycle, the Index is determined in the month prior to the month in which the billing cycle ends. In that prior month, the highest (U.S.) "Prime Rate" published in the Money Rates Table of The Wall Street Journal is selected (the "Index"). If the Index has changed, the new variable rates will take effect with the billing cycle that ends on or after the first day of the month following the Index change. Grace Period for Repayment of Balances for Purchases You have 25 days from the date of the periodic statement to avoid a Finance Charge on new credit card purchases, provided you paid your previous balance in full. Method of Computing Balance for Purchases Average Daily Balance (including new purchases). Annual Fee $35 per year Minimum Finance Charge $1.00 for each billing cycle in which a Periodic Finance Charge is payable. Foreign Transaction Fee Finance Charge 1% of the U.S. dollar amount will apply to transactions made in a foreign currency. Cash Advance Fee:$5 or 5% on all cash advances, whichever is greater; unless otherwise disclosed. Finance Charges accrue from the date of transaction. Cash advances will be limited. Your cash advance limit is disclosed on your billing statement. Late Payment Fee: The Late Payment Fee will vary based on the amount of your outstanding balance on your Payment Due Date, and will be: $30 if your balance is more than $0 up to and including $1000; or $35 if your balance is greater than $1000. Overlimit Fee: $30. Accessing the full amount or most of your available credit may result in an overlimit fee. Credit Limit Increase (CLI) Fee: If requested and approved, a CLI fee of up to $50% of the CLI may be charged to your Account, depending on your creditworthiness. Closed Account Service Fee: $3.50 per month on closed accounts with a debit balance. The variable Customary APR will apply to credit card purchases. The variable Cash APR will apply to cash advances, including balance transfers, if available, and cash advances made by credit card check. If at any time your Account is subject to the Customary and/or Cash APRs, and you fail to make at least your Minimum Payment in time to be credited to your Account by the Payment Due Date, or your Account exceeds your credit limit, your entire Account balance will increase to the Default APR. Note: The Orchard Bank Secured MasterCard requires a minimum deposit of $200 for a minimum $200 line of credit. For more information on the Orchard Bank Secured MasterCard, see our Secured Card FAQs. At our discretion, payments are generally applied to interest, fees, and then principal balances. We apply your payments to lower APR balances before higher APR balances. The application of payments is subject to change at any time, without notice. IMPORTANT INFORMATION There is a maximum of two (2) Accounts issued by HSBC Bank Nevada, N.A. per customer. If within 90 days of your Account open date, you decide you do not want the account, you can call the customer service number provided on the back of your card to cancel. Any fees, if assessed, will be reversed at no cost to you if you have not used the card. IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT PROCEDURES FOR OPENING A NEW ACCOUNT To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, Federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person who opens an Account. What this means for you: When you open an Account, we will ask you for your name, address, date of birth, and other information that will allow us to identify you. We may also ask to see your driver's license or other identifying documents. Notice to California Residents: Except otherwise limited by applicable law, we may provide credit information about your account to our affiliates from time to time. This information may be used to qualify you for other credit offers. Married persons may apply for a separate account. Notice to New York Residents: Consumer reports may be requested in connection with the processing of this application and any resulting account. Upon your request, we will inform you of the names and addresses of any consumer reporting agencies which have provided us with such reports. Notice to Ohio Residents: The Ohio laws against discrimination require that all creditors make credit equally available to all creditworthy customers, and that credit reporting agencies maintain separate credit histories on each individual upon request. The Ohio Civil Rights Commission administers compliance with the law. Notice to Married Wisconsin Residents: No agreement, court order, or individual statement applying to marital property will adversely affect a creditor's interests unless prior to the time credit is granted the creditor is furnished with a copy of the agreement, court order, or statement, or has actual knowledge of the adverse provision. You must indicate your marital status for this application to be processed. INTEREST RATES AND FINANCE CHARGES Interest Rates The APRs on your Account are variable rates and are determined by adding a specified amount ("Spread") to an Index (described below). The APR is divided by 365 and rounded to the next highest hundred thousandth of a percentage point to determine your Daily Periodic Rate. The Daily Periodic Rate is used to determine the amount of Periodic Finance Charges (see Finance Charges). Monthly Index For each billing cycle, the Index is determined in the month prior to the month in which the billing cycle ends. In that prior month, the highest (U.S.) "Prime Rate" published in the Money Rates table of The Wall Street Journal is selected (the "Index"). If the Index has changed, the new variable rates will take effect with the billing cycle that ends on or after the first day of the month following the Index change. An increase in the Index will increase your applicable Daily Periodic Rates which may increase the Finance Charge due on your Account and may increase the Minimum Payment and Current Payment Due. Each time any APR changes, we will apply it to any existing balances, excluding any fixed rate Promotional or Introductory APR. Purchase APR Your variable Customary APR applies to credit card purchases. The Daily Periodic Rate is based on 1/365th of the Index plus 6.65% ("Spread"). For example, for billing cycles ending 5/17/07, the rate of FINANCE CHARGE would have been a Daily Periodic Rate of .04082% (corresponding 14.90% ANNUAL PERCENTAGE RATE). The minimum rate of FINANCE CHARGE is a Daily Periodic Rate of .04082% (corresponding 14.90% ANNUAL PERCENTAGE RATE). Cash APR Your variable Cash APR applies to cash advances, including balance transfers, if available, and cash advances made by credit card check. The Daily Periodic Rate is based on 1/365th of the Index plus 16.90% ("Spread"). For example, for billing cycles ending 5/17/07, the rate of FINANCE CHARGE would have been a Daily Periodic Rate of .06890% (corresponding 25.15% ANNUAL PERCENTAGE RATE). The minimum rate of FINANCE CHARGE is a Daily Periodic Rate of .05726% (corresponding 20.90% ANNUAL PERCENTAGE RATE). If at any time your Account is subject to the Customary and/or Cash APRs, and you fail to make at least your Minimum Payment in time to be credited to your Account by the Payment Due Date, or your Account exceeds your credit limit, your entire Account balance will increase to the variable Default APR. At our discretion, your Account may return to the Customary APR after five consecutive months of on-time payments of at least the Current Payment Due, without exceeding your credit limit. Default APR The Daily Periodic Rate for the variable Default APR is based on 1/365th of the Index plus 22.24% ("Spread"). For example, for billing cycles ending 5/17/07, the rate of FINANCE CHARGE would have been a Daily Periodic Rate of .08353% (corresponding 30.49% ANNUAL PERCENTAGE RATE). The minimum rate of FINANCE CHARGE is a Daily Periodic Rate of .08079% (corresponding 29.49% ANNUAL PERCENTAGE RATE). Finance Charges Finance Charges are the total of the greater of (a) Minimum Finance Charge, or (b) periodic Finance Charges, and any applicable (c) Cash Advance Fee Finance Charges, (d) Foreign Transaction Fee Finance Charge, (e) Credit Limit Increase Fee Finance Charge, (f) Closed Account Service Fee Finance Charges, and (g) Processing Fee Finance Charge. (a) Minimum Finance Charge. A Finance Charge that is assessed in lieu of a lesser periodic Finance Charge in any billing cycle in which a periodic Finance Charge is payable. This fee is $1.00. (b) Periodic Finance Charges. Periodic Finance Charges are computed by multiplying the Average Daily Balance for each category of transactions shown on your statement (e.g., purchases, balance transfers, cash advances) by the applicable Daily Periodic Rate and then multiplying the result by the number of days in the billing cycle. To calculate the Daily Balances, we take the beginning debit balance for each category of transactions each day, add any new transactions, any previous day's periodic Finance Charges, any assessed fees and charges, and subtract any payments and/or credits. If a debit transaction posts after the beginning of your billing cycle, but the transaction occurred prior to the beginning of your billing cycle, the applicable Daily Balance will be adjusted to include the transaction amount and any previous day's periodic Finance Charges for each day the transaction amount was outstanding prior to the beginning of the current billing cycle. Then, for each transaction category, we add the Daily Balances for the billing cycle together and divide the total by the number of days in the billing cycle. This is the Average Daily Balance for each transaction category. (1) Credit Card Purchases. Periodic Finance Charges begin to accrue on the date of the transaction and continue to accrue until payment in full is credited to your Account. However, there is a 25 day Grace Period on new credit card purchases. That means, if the New Balance shown on your last statement is paid in full by the Payment Due Date for that statement, periodic Finance Charges will not be imposed on new credit card purchases, provided the New Balance for the current billing cycle is paid in full by the Payment Due Date for that billing cycle. If, however, the New Balance is not paid in full by the Payment Due Date for the immediately preceding billing cycle, periodic Finance Charges will be incurred on new credit card purchases (i.e., purchases appearing for the first time in the current cycle) from the date of the transaction and on the previously billed but unpaid credit card purchases form the first day of the current cycle. (2) Cash Advances (including balance transfer and credit card checks). Periodic Finance Charges begin to accrue on the date of the transaction and continue to accrue until payment in full is credited to your Account. There is no Grace Period on cash advances. Periodic Finance Charges will be calculated using the Daily Periodic Rate in effect on the statement closing date. (c) Cash Advance Fee Finance Charges. Cash advances include all advances to get cash over the counter, through an ATM, balance transfers (if available), credit card checks, or other "cash-like" transactions (such as purchasing a money order, traveler's check, casino or betting chip, or a lottery ticket) as determined by us. A Finance Charge will be computed on the amount of each cash advance as of the date of the transaction. The Cash Advance Fee FINANCE CHARGE for all cash advances is 5%, subject to a minimum FINANCE CHARGE of $5, unless otherwise disclosed. (d) Foreign Transaction Fee Finance Charge. A Foreign Transaction Fee FINANCE CHARGE equal to 1% of the U.S. dollar amount is assessed on transactions made in a foreign currency, as of the transaction date. (e) Credit Limit Increase Fee Finance Charge. If you request and are approved for a credit limit increase ("CLI"), a CLI Fee FINANCE CHARGE of up to 50% of the CLI may be assessed to your Account, depending on your creditworthiness. (f) Closed Account Service Fee Finance Charge. A $3.50 per month FINANCE CHARGE is assessed to the Account for each billing cycle whenever that Account is closed with a debit balance. The application of any Finance Charge other than a periodic Finance Charge may cause the APR on the billing statement on which this Finance Charge first appears to exceed the Nominal APR. ACCOUNT FEES Annual Fee/Periodic Membership Fee Your Account is subject to a $35 Annual Fee for each year your Account is open or closed with a balance. If you close your Account within the first 90 days your Account is open, the Annual Fee is refundable so long as you have not used the Account. Late Payment Fee A Late Payment Fee is assessed for each billing cycle in which at least the Minimum Payment, and any amount past due, is not paid in time to be credited to the Account by the Payment Due Date. The Late Payment Fee will vary based on the amount of your outstanding balance on your Payment Due Date, or during the period up to 5 days after your Payment Due Date, as determined by us, and will be: $30 if your balance is more than $0 up to and including $1000; or $35 if your balance is greater than $1000. Overlimit Fee An Overlimit Fee is assessed if your Account balance exceeds the applicable credit limit at any time during a billing cycle. We may impose this fee even if we authorize or impose any charges that cause your balance to exceed the credit limit. This fee is $30. Other Fees and Charges Returned Payment Fee A Returned Payment Fee is assessed to your Account each time a payment check, automatic payment deduction, or other payment method is not honored or is returned unsatisfied by the bank or other financial institution. Any payment returned unsatisfied for any reason may be reposted to any type of transaction (i.e. cash advance, purchases, etc.) and Finance Charges may be reinstated back to the payment date at the APR being charged for that transaction. This fee is $30. Returned Check Fee A Returned Check Fee is assessed to the Account each time a credit card check, balance transfer check (if available), electronic check or other Account access device is returned unsatisfied by us for any reason. This fee is $30. Check by Phone A Check by Phone Fee may be assessed to the Account each time a payment is made by telephone, even if the payment is made by someone other than you. The amount of this fee will be disclosed at the time such payment is requested. Stop Payment Fee A Stop Payment Fee is added to the cash advance balance when a payment of a credit card check is stopped at your request. Payment may be stopped on a credit card check by notifying us in writing or by calling us at the telephone number listed on the Account billing statement, so long as such check has not already been processed. A stop payment request must include the check number, payee, amount and date of the credit card check on which payment is to be stopped. If a stop payment is requested by telephone, the call must be confirmed in writing within 14 days. A written stop payment will remain in effect for six months unless renewed in writing. This fee is $29. Send stop payment requests to P.O. Box 81622, Salinas, CA 93912-1622. Research Fee A $7 Research Fee is assessed to the Account for each sales slip copy, $3 for each statement copy, and $10 for each application copy upon request. ADDITIONAL TERMS Arbitration The Cardmember Agreement and Disclosure Statement ("Agreement") that you will receive with your card, if you are approved for credit, provides that certain disputes are subject to binding arbitration. Arbitration replaces the right to go to court, including the right to a jury and the right to participate in a class action or similar proceeding. Please read the "Arbitration" section of the Agreement carefully. YOUR BILLING RIGHTS What To Do If There's An Error In Your Bill YOUR BILLING RIGHTS - KEEP THIS NOTICE FOR FUTURE USE This notice contains important information about your rights and our responsibilities under the Fair Credit Billing Act. NOTIFY US IN CASE OF ERRORS OR QUESTIONS ABOUT YOUR BILL If you think your bill is wrong, or if you need more information about a transaction on your bill, write to us (on a separate sheet) at the address listed on your billing statement. Write us as soon as possible. We must hear from you no later than 60 days after we sent you the first bill on which the error or problem appeared. You can telephone us, but doing so will not preserve your rights. Please include the following information in your letter: Your name, account number and signature; The dollar amount of the suspected error; and Describe the error and explain, if you can, why you believe there is an error. If you need more information, describe the item you are not sure about. If you have authorized us to pay your Account bill automatically from your savings or checking account, you can stop the payment on any amount you think is wrong. To stop the payment, your letter must reach us three business days before the automatic payment is scheduled to occur. YOUR RIGHTS AND OUR RESPONSIBILITIES AFTER WE RECEIVE YOUR WRITTEN NOTICE: We must acknowledge your letter within 30 days, unless we have corrected the error by then. Within 90 days, we must either correct the error or explain why we believe the bill was correct. After we receive your letter, we cannot try to collect any amount you question, or report you as delinquent. We can continue to bill you for the amount you question, including Finance Charges, and we can apply any unpaid amount against your Credit Limit. You do not have to pay any questioned amount while we are investigating, but you are still obligated to pay the parts of your bill that are not in question. If we find that we made a mistake on your bill, you will not have to pay any Finance Charges related to any questioned amount. If we didn't make a mistake, you may have to pay Finance Charges, and you will have to make up any missed payments on the questioned amount. In either case, we will send you a statement of the amount you owe and the date it is due. If you fail to pay the amount we think you owe, we may report you as delinquent. However, if our explanation does not satisfy you, and you write to us within ten days telling us you still refuse to pay, we must tell anyone we report you to that you have a question about your bill. And, we must tell you the name of anyone we reported you to. Upon settlement of the dispute, we must tell everyone we report you to that the matter has been settled. If we don't follow these rules, we can't collect the first $50 of the questioned amount, even if your bill was correct. SPECIAL RULES FOR CREDIT CARD PURCHASES If you have a problem with the quality of property or services you purchased with a credit card, and you have tried in good faith to correct the problem with the merchant, you may have the right not to pay the remaining amount due on the property or services. There are two limitations on this right: (a) You must have made the purchase in your home state or if not, within 100 miles of your current mailing address. (b) The purchase price must have been more than $50. These limitations do not apply if we own or operate the merchant, or if we mailed you the advertisement for the property or services. HSBC Card Services Inc. and/or HSBC Card Services (II) Inc. provide processing services for HSBC Bank Nevada, N.A. You may write to us at the address shown on your billing statement or HSBC Bank Nevada, N.A., 1111 Town Center Drive, Las Vegas, Nevada 89144. Orchard Bank, Household MasterCard and HSBC credit cards are issued by HSBC Bank Nevada, N.A. in Las Vegas, Nevada and serviced by its affiliates HSBC Card Services Inc. and/or HSBC Card Services (II) Inc. Not available to those consumers residing outside the United States. Offer void for all existing Household Bank and Orchard Bank MasterCard Cardmembers. Important Information To receive, view, and save disclosures and Account Information electronically, you must have a personal computer equipped with Netscape 4.0, Microsoft Explorer 4.0 or AOL 5.0 or later, and either a printer, a hard drive, or other storage device. You must also have a valid email address. As paperless communication options become available, our cardholders will be able to choose which communications to receive electronically, and which to receive via standard mail. We will notify you in advance of sending such electronic disclosures and Account Information. You must notify us if your email address changes in order to continue receiving disclosures and Account Information electronically. You may withdraw your consent to receive disclosures and Account Information electronically at any time. However, if you withdraw your consent, future disclosures and Account Information will be sent via U.S. mail. You have the option to request any information that we have provided electronically in paper form. To notify us of your new email address, withdraw your consent, or to request a disclosure or Account Information in paper form, please contact us by calling the phone number on the back of your credit card or write us at Bankcard Services, P.O. Box 80084, Salinas, CA 93912-0084. Electronic Agreement: I agree to receive disclosures and other Account Information electronically. I confirm that I have the software and computer equipment that satisfies the requirement above and that I will download or print the disclosures and other card related communications for my records. Additionally, by clicking the YES button, I acknowledge that I am providing my consent to receive electronic communications Terms and ConditionsAnnual Percentage Rate (APR) for Purchases Variable Customary APR: 14.90%1 will apply. Minimum Customary APR: 14.90% Other APR's Variable Cash APR: 25.15%2 (Minimum Cash APR: 20.90%) Variable Default APR: 30.49% (Minimum Default APR: 29.49%) Variable Rate Information Your APRs may vary. The rates are determined

what is the Starting-point for one who wants to enter Islam ??? there is a very important starting-point, which is to pronounce the Shahaadatayn (Declaration of Faith). This is the only answer to your question. (For more details please see the questions and answers under the heading: ‘Aqeedah (basic tenets of faith) – important matters for those who wish to enter Islam. We extend the warmest of welcomes to you, and offer our congratulations for the new direction you are about to take. May Allaah protect you from all evil. Islam Q&A All praises be to Allah, the Lord of the Universe. May the peace and blessings of Allah be upon Muhammad, His last messenger. The objective of this handout is to correct a false idea spread among those willing to adopt Islam as their faith. Some people face difficulties on the basis of their mistaken belief that entering into the Islamic fold requires an announcement from the concerned person in the presence of high ranking scholars or sheikhs, or reporting this act to the courts or other authorities. It is also thought that the act of accepting Islam, should, as a condition, have a certificate issued by the authorities as evidence to that effect. We wish to clarify that the whole matter is very easy and that none of the above conditions or obligations are required. For Allah, the Almighty is above all comprehension and knows well the secrets of all hearts. Nevertheless, those who wish to adopt Islam as their religion are advised to register themselves as Muslims with the concerned governmental agency, as this procedure may facilitate many matters for them including the possibility of performing Hajj and Umrah. If anyone has a real desire to be a Muslim and has the full conviction and strong belief that Islam is the true religion ordained by Allah (SWT) for all human beings, he should pronounce the "Shahada" (testimony of faith) without further delay. The Holy Qur'an is explicit in this regard, as Allah (SWT) has stated. "Truly, the Religion in the sight of Allah is Islam." (3:19) In another verse of the Holy Qur'an, Allah (SWT) has stated: "And whosoever desires a religion -other that Islam, never will it be accepted of him, and in the Hereafter he will be in the ranks of those who are lost." (3:85) In addition, Islam is the only Religion prevailing over all other religions, Allah (SWT) has stated in the Holy Qur'an: "And to thee We have sent the Book in truth, (This Qur'an) confirming the scripture that came before it, and a witness over it..." (5:48) Muhammad, the Prophet of Allah (Peace and blessing of Allah be upon him), said: "Islam is based on five pillars: testifying that there is no god worthy to be worshipped but Allah, that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah and His servant; performing the prayer; paying the Zakat (obligatory charity); fasting the month of Ramadan; and performing Hajj." The Shahada can be declared as follows: "ASH-HADU ANLAA ILAHA ILLA ALLAH WA ASH HADUANNAMUHAMMADANABDUHUWA RASUULUH." The English translation is: "I bear witness that there is no deity worthy to be worshipped but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and messenger." However, it would not be sufficient for anyone to utter only this testimony orally either in private or in public. One should believe in it from the heart with a firm conviction and unshakable faith. If he is truly sincere and complies with the teachings of Islam in his daily life he will find himself a newborn person. This will move him to strive more and more to improve his character and draw nearer to perfection. The light of the living faith will fill his heart until he becomes the embodiment of that faith. What should be next after declaring the testimony of faith (Shahada) and then becoming a Muslim? He should know the real concept underlying this testimony, which means accepting the Oneness of Allah and the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), as the last of the Prophets, and meeting its requirements. He must behave accordingly applying this true faith to everything he says or does. What do the words of "Shahada" signify. The significant point which every Muslim must know is the truth that there is no god to be worshipped other than Allah, (Glory be to Him). He is the only true God, Who Alone deserves to be worshipped, since He is the Giver of life and Sustainer and Nourisher of mankind and all creation with His unlimited bounties. Man must worship Allah, Who Alone is worthy of worship. The second part of the "Shahada" i.e. "Wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan abduhu wa rasuluh" means that the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is the servant and chosen messenger of Allah. No one should be in any doubt about this matter. In fact, the Muslim has to obey the commands of the Prophet (PBUH), to believe in what he has said, to follow his Teachings, to avoid what he has forbidden, and to worship A11ah alone according to the message revealed to him. What is the meaning of worship? It simply means rendering sincere service; showing reverence for Allah. In a deeper shade of meaning, it implies total submission and complete obedience to Allah's Commandments both in utterances and actions, whether explicit or implicit and in private or public. Worship falls into two categories: 1. Visible (manifest or outward) 2. Invisible (concealed or inward) Visible worship includes acts such as uttering the two parts of the "shahada", performing prayers, giving Zakat (obligatory charity), observing the fast in the month of Ramadan, performing Hajj, recitation of the Holy Qur'an, supplication, adoring Allah by praising Him, purifying our bodies before prayers, etc. This type of worship is associated with the movement of the parts of human body, [actions]. Invisible worship is to believe in Allah, in the Day of Judgment, in the Hereafter, in the Angels, in the Books of Allah, in the Divine Decree of destiny (that good and bad are determined by Allah alone) This type of worship does not involve movements of parts of the body but it surely has a bearing on one's heart which, subsequently, affects one's way of life (beliefs). It should be borne in mind that worship not dedicated to Allah alone, will be rejected as one form of polytheism or "shirk", which amounts to apostasy, from the Islamic point of view. The next step for a devotee newly converted to Islam is to purify himself by taking a bath (total ablution). He should then resolve to comply with all the principles and rules of Islam in their entirety. He disowns all forms of polytheism and false beliefs. He should reject evil and be righteous. Such rejection of evil and being righteous is one of the requisites of the motto of Islam that is, Lailaha Illal Laah. Allah has stated in the Holy Qur'an: "... whoever disbelieves in false deities and believes in Allah, hath grasped the most trustworthy handhold, that will never break..." (2:256) We have to consider that when we declare from our hearts, "there is no god worthy to be worshipped but Allah." It implies on our part of love, devotion, faith and obedience to the rules of Islamic legislation which are legally binding on all Muslims. It is a requirement of "there is no god worthy to be worshipped but Allah," to love for the sake of Allah and to reject for the sake of Allah. This is the finest anchor of belief which make material the meaning of "AL-WALA" and "AL-BARA". It means that a Muslim should love and be loyal to his Muslim brothers. He should, as a practice, dissociate himself completely from the practices of unbelievers and refuse to be influenced by them, both in worldly and religious matters. We conclude with a humble prayer to Allah that He may cleanse the hearts and souls of those who are genuine seekers of truth and may He bless the community of believers. Ameen. By www.Islamunveiled.com

What type of bangs would fit me? Ohkay so i'm looking for a new hairstyle that includes bangs. But the kind of bangs that i would like is something that doesnt require much maintenance such as hairspray, gel, etc. though daily straightening is fine I'm planning on growing my hair out or keeping it the same length but i will not cut it shorter. I also like to keep my hair in a pony tail at times. I'm a low maintenance kind of person so i dont like to put all kinds of chemicals in my hair. so all in all, im asking which type of bangs would fit my character and face? here are a couple of pictures of what my hair currently looks like. and please i know im not a supermodel and i look far from beautiful so please dont be mean and point it out, im just looking for advice here, not critisism sorry most of these are blurry http://s125.photobucket.com/albums/p64/volturi/?action=view¤t=S4201513.jpg http://s125.photobucket.com/albums/p64/volturi/?action=view¤t=S4201515.jpg heres a few more links since i couldnt fit it with my question http://s125.photobucket.com/albums/p64/volturi/?action=view¤t=S4201526.jpg side view http://s125.photobucket.com/albums/p64/volturi/?action=view¤t=S4201449.jpg oh and please link me to a picture with the hairstyle youre recommending thank you! http://s125.photobucket.com/albums/p64/volturi/?action=view¤t=S4201513.jpg front with hair down http://s125.photobucket.com/albums/p64/volturi/?action=view¤t=S4201515.jpg front with hair up

Do you think I could afford a horse? I would be boarding at a stable about 10 minutes from my house for $400 a month (includes daily turn out/stall/feed/hay). I've looked into the boarding and such, but I don't have a lot of info on Vet/Farr. Care. How much a year does that all cost? Also, when/if I buy my horse I will have a part-boarder. A friend of mine riding 2 times a week for $150 a month and I make about $500 a month all going toward caring for my horse. Also my parents are helping me out by chipping in $100 every month. So I would have about $700 a month going toward the horse aprox. The plan is I would pay for boarding, tack/blankets/ect. and my parents would pay for routine vet and farreir care. If the horse needed any additional vet care/ferrier care I would pay for that too. I want to have a Jar (or bank account) and keep $3000 dollars in it AT ALL TIMES just incase anything ever went wrong + any extra money at the end of the month would always go into the jar With all that would I be able to manage?

why have we let the world of today become in such peril becuase of religion.? we're afraid of the islamic terrorists here. they're afraid of the christian terrorists there. yes i said christian terrorists. if you are trying to lead a normal life in iraq we are the terrorists. don't kid yourself if we weren't there innocent people would not be getting blown up on a daily basis.everyone in the middle east hates the jewish people, why i'm not sure. they fight among themselves over tiny pieces of land and minute differences in opinion about what happens in the afterlife. it is insane. the sooner religion in ALL COUNTRIES this one included is seperated from politics, the safer the world will become . ALL RELIGION NEEDS TO BE ABOLISHED FOR THE GOOD OF MANKIND. thank you in advance for agreeing with me. please leave your comments of praise and love for me.

Where are the best Happy Hours in Orange County, California? I'm looking for the ones that have great deals or that go beyond 6pm or 7pm such as the following: Monday: Maki Maki at the Irvine Spectrum $2 draft beers and half price sushi all night long Tuesday: Chronic Cantina at Triangle Square in Costa Mesa Half price appetizers until 6pm and $2 draft beers and margaritas all night long Wednesday: Black Angus at the Irvine Marketplace (Jamboree) Half price drinks and appetizers all night long Thursday: ??? Don't know of any place that has all night specials. Do you? Monday - Friday: Daily Grill Irvine, just off Jamboree near Michelson 4pm - 7pm $2.95 appetizers in the bar including their yummy chicken pot pie which is practically a meal in itself and draft beers for about $3 McCormick & Schmicks Irvine on Main Street 4pm - 6pm and 9pm - 11pm no drink specials but appetizer specials are $2 and include a cheeseburger & fries, quesadillas & more Mai Tai Bar Long Beach on Shoreline Drive $6 pitchers 4-7pm & 8-11pm.